A Chinese vowel diagram or Chinese vowel is a schematic arrangement of the vowels which usually refers to Standard Chinese. The earliest known Chinese vowel diagrams were made public in year 1920 by Chinese linguist name “Yi Tso-lin” with the publication of his Lectures on Chinese Phonetics.  Three years after Daniel Jones published the famous “cardinal vowel diagram” in year 1917. Yi Tso-lin refers to those diagrams as “(simple/compound) rhyme composition charts [單/複韻構成圖]”, which are diagrams depicting Chinese monophthongs and diphthongs. source by wikipedia

 Vowels  (韵母 = yùn mǔ) is similar to the vowels in English. It includes 35 alphabets as:

a (大), ai (帶), an (單), ang (幫), ao (刀), e (德), ei (給), en (本), eng (風), er (兒), i (一), ia (家), ian (年), iang (良), iao (了), ie (烈), in (林), ing (冰), iong (窮), iou or iu (牛), o (佛), ong (東), ou (否), u (不), ü, ua (瓜), uai (怪), uan (管), uang (光), üe (決), uei or ui (對), uen or un (均), uo (多), uu/v (旅)

 Vowels sound are

a = ar

o = o

e = er

er = eer

i = ei

u  = uu

ü = yu

ai = i

ei 

ao

ou 

an

en

ang

eng

ong

ia = ya

ie = ye

iao = yao

iou (iu) = you

ian = yan

in = yin

iang = yang

ing = ying

iong = yong

ua = wa

uo = wo

uai = wai

uei (ui) = wei

uan = wan

uen (un) = wen

uang = wang

üe = yue

üan = yuan

ün = yun