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Indian Political System

India is a capitalist federal republic where the president is the head of state, but his duties are symbolic and the real power rests with the prime minister. India is a so-called federal state, a sovereign, secular democratic republic.

Adopt British-style parliamentary democracy. Citizens are equal before the law regardless of race, gender, origin, religion and place of birth. The President is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He is elected by an electoral college composed of the Federal Assembly and the State Assembly for a five-year term. The President exercises his powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.

Polity

India is a capitalist federal republic where the president is the head of state, but his duties are symbolic and the real power rests with the prime minister. The president and vice president of the country are elected for a five-year term and are indirectly elected by a special electoral body. The presidency is vacant due to reasons such as death, resignation or dismissal. Article 65 of the Indian Constitution stipulates that the vice president shall act as the president.

When a new president is elected and inaugurated, the vice president resumes his original position. If the president is unable to perform his duties due to illness or other reasons, the vice president temporarily acts as the president until the president returns to office.

Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister (i.e. India’s Cabinet). The majority party in the parliament nominates a candidate for prime minister to the president, who appoints the prime minister. The prime minister then nominates the deputy prime minister and other cabinet members to the president.

The Indian State Department has one secretary of state and several state councilors. There is no Deputy Secretary of State.

Constitution

The Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950 . Claims India as a federal state, a sovereign, secular, socialist democratic republic . Adopt British-style parliamentary democracy. Citizens are equal before the law regardless of race, gender, origin, religion and place of birth.

The President is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He is elected by an electoral college composed of the Federal Assembly and the State Assembly for a five-year term. The President exercises his powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.

Parliament

Legislative power in India is vested in the Parliament. Parliament is divided into upper and lower houses. The upper house is called the Federal House and the lower house is called the People’s House.

There are no more than 250 members of the Federal House of Representatives, of which the Vice President of the Republic serves as the Speaker, 12 are appointed by the President, and the rest are elected by the state assemblies. The Federal House cannot be dissolved in advance, and 1/3 members are re-elected every year.

There are 545 members of the Lok Sabha, of which 530 are directly elected by state voters, 13 are elected by the Central Territory, and 2 are appointed by the President. The House of Representatives can propose to dissolve, and the members are elected for a term of five years.

Government

The executive branch consists of the president, prime minister and ministers. The president is elected by the electoral colleges of the upper and lower houses and the state assemblies. The president is nominally the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but has no real power. The current president of India is Pranab Mukherjee. The Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister holds real power. The prime minister is the leader of the parliamentary majority party. Ministers are nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the President.

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority and has the power to interpret the constitution and hear disputes between the central government and the states. States have high courts and counties have district courts. Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President. The Attorney General is appointed by the President, and its main responsibilities are to provide advice and recommendations to the government on law enforcement matters, complete the procuratorial powers stipulated in the Constitution and laws, and supervise the implementation of the Constitution and laws.

Political party

1. Indian National Congress Party (Indira Gandhi faction)

2. Bharatiya Janata Party

3. Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4. Communist Party of India

5. Telugu Hometown Party

Dignitaries

President Pranab Mukherjee. Born in West Bengal, India in December 1935, he is a member of the Indian National Congress. He has successively served as Minister of State in the departments of shipping, transportation, taxation, and finance, as well as Minister of Finance, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Defense. He was elected president on July 22, 2012 and took office on July 25.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, born on September 17, 1950 in Vadnagar, India, is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. In October 2001, he took office as Chief Minister of Gujarat and served three consecutive terms. Prime Minister of India on May 26, 2014.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Mera Kumar, took office in June 2009.