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Colon Cancer

Colon Cancer

Colon cancer can be at any age. but is more common in the elderly Colon cancer usually begins with a small polyp. which is one of the common non-cancerous tumors and forming inside the large intestine.

Colon Cancer

Cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the colon. The colon (also known as the colon) and is at the tip of the digestive tract. It is sometimes called colorectal cancer because it develops in the colon and rectum. Colon cancer can be at any age. but is more common in the elderly Colon cancer usually begins with a small polyp. called polyps, which is one of the common non-cancerous tumors and form inside the colon, after which the polyp develops into cancer.

There are currently several treatments for colorectal cancer, such as chemotherapy treatment The use of targeted cancer drugs and immunotherapies.

Symptoms

• Abnormal behavior in excretion Patients may experience more frequent diarrhea, constipation, or bowel movements.
• It was found that there was blood in the stool.
• have bloating, abdominal pain, distension, colic, or gas in your stomach
• have a feeling of pain or feeling that the photo is not the best
• feeling tired and weak
• unexplained weight loss

However, most people with early-stage colon cancer do not show any abnormalities.

When to see a doctor

Patients should make an appointment to see their doctor if they experience any unusual and disturbing symptoms. Usually, doctors recommend that people over 50 be screened for colon cancer.

Causes of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer usually starts with a mutation in the DNA (DNA) of the healthy cells in the colon. The main function of DNA in cells is to instruct cells to function in a systematic way. Normally, healthy cells grow and divide so that the human body can function normally. But when cells mutate and become cancerous cells, the cells cannot be controlled. and will begin to divide more than necessary when the number of cells increases will cause a tumor to occur And after some time, malignant cells are formed that divide, spread and begin to destroy nearby normal tissues. Ultimately, these cancer cells separate from the tumor and form in other organs of the body.

At present, doctors are unable to determine the exact cause of colon cancer.

Factors that increase the risk in colon cancer

• Elderly people are at higher risk of colon cancer than other ages. Although colon cancer can occur at any age. But it is more common in patients aged 50 years or older. Today, there is an increasing number of people younger than 50 years old diagnosed with colon cancer.
• African American races have a higher risk factor than other races for colorectal cancer.
• Patients with a history of colorectal cancer or polyps usually have a higher risk in future colon cancer
• group of diseases with inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract Inflammatory intestinal conditions , such as chronic inflammatory diseases in the colon, and patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are more likely to develop colon cancer. climb
• People with inherited gene mutations through family generations have been found to have a higher risk of colon cancer. But in fact, it was found that a small percentage of the link between the incidence of colorectal cancer was found between patients and the genetics that were passed on from their parents.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome are the most common genetic syndromes that can increase the incidence of colon cancer. also known as Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

• People with a family history of colon cancer. There is often a possibility of developing this type of cancer.
• There is a link between low-fiber diet or high-fat diet regimens and the incidence of colorectal and colon cancers.
• people living with A sedentary lifestyle is more likely to develop colon cancer.
• People with diabetes or people with insulin resistance. They tend to have a higher risk of colon cancer.
• People who are obese are at greater risk of developing colon cancer. In addition, obese patients were more likely to die from colon cancer than those with normal weight.
• Smokers tend to have a higher risk of colon cancer.
• People who consume high amounts of alcohol will be at high risk of colon cancer

Patients who have received radiation therapy for treatment Other cancers The abdominal region is at a higher risk of colon cancer.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will recommend that people with moderate risk take it. Begin colon cancer screening At the age of 50 for people at risk of colon cancer Your doctor will recommend screening at an earlier age.

There are several methods of screening. And each method has both advantages and disadvantages. colonoscopy Colonoscopy can be used to screen for disease and can also remove polyps from the colon during colonoscopy. Before the polyp mutates into cancer cells

Principles for diagnosing colon cancer

The doctor will recommend the following principles for diagnosis. In the event that the patient has symptoms indicating that it may be colon cancer.

• Colonoscopy – The doctor uses a small tube. It is long and has a small video camera attached to the end of the tube. to be used to monitor and collect details within the colon and rectum And the doctor will put the instrument through the tube and take a sample of tissue for examination. The tissue the doctor collects from the patient will be taken for further examination to look for abnormalities. The next step, the doctor will dissect the polyp.
• Blood tests – Your doctor will test your blood for colon cancer markers called colon cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Colon cancer sometimes produces CEA as the cancer grows. CEA levels in the blood help doctors predict disease symptoms and determine the disease’s response to treatment.

Stage of Cancer

The doctor will ask the patient to determine the stage of the cancer after diagnosis. If the doctor can determine the stage of the disease This will help the doctor find the right treatment for the patient. Pat sometimes adds diagnostics with visualizations such as: increase the use of CT scan of the abdomen The pelvis and thorax are used as part of the detection of the stage of the cancer.

Most of the time, the doctor will be able to determine the stage of the cancer fully. After the patient has undergone surgery to treat colon cancer. Roman numerals are used to indicate the stage of cancer. and will begin at 0-IV, with stage 0 being the initial stage of the cancer. At this stage, the cancer cells are few and remain only in the colon, while stage IV means the cancer is invasive. And it means that cancer cells have spread to other organs of the body.

Treatment Options

The appropriate course of treatment for colon cancer will depend on the patient’s symptoms. whether the area has cancer cells stage of cancer or other health conditions Surgery is often used to treat this type of cancer. Sometimes your doctor will recommend other forms of treatment. such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Treatment of early colon cancer Your doctor will recommend minimally invasive surgery for colon cancer.

• polyp excision (Polypectomy) is the removal of the polyp during a colonoscopy. Your doctor will recommend a polyp removal if the cancer cells are still small and limited in quantity. And the doctor will be able to remove all polyps. This type of treatment is suitable for treating colon cancer in its early stages.
• Endoscopic mucosal resection – A surgeon removes a larger polyp. during the endoscopy The surgeon uses specialized tools. To remove a polyp, including the inner part of the colon.
• laparoscopic surgery (Laparoscopic surgery) is a method of treatment with laparoscopic surgery to remove polyps. that cannot be eliminated during laparoscopy The doctor will make a small incision in the wall of the abdominal muscles. The camera displays an image of the structure inside the colon via a video monitor. He and his surgeon will take a sample from the lymph nodes of the cancer site.
• Other surgical procedures that the surgeon may recommend If cancer cells are found to have grown and spread in the colon. are as follows

A partial colectomy is a laparoscopic procedure in which the surgeon removes the invasive cancer in the colon. Including surgery on a small part of the normal tissue on the side of the cancerous spot. Most of the time, your doctor will be able to connect the normal portions of the inside of the colon and rectum.

An ostomy is an operation that creates a point where the body can eliminate waste. Doctors often recommend a prosthetic fistula. When the procedure for reconnecting the normal segments within the colon and rectum is not feasible. In a prosthetic fistula The surgeon needs to open the abdominal wall. and create a point where waste can be eliminated The surgeon will place a stool removal bag on the abdominal wall. Most of the time, an anal prosthesis is a temporary procedure. In order to allow time for the colon and rectum to reconcile after the surgery is complete, in other cases a permanent prosthesis may be required.

Lymph node removal is where a surgeon removes nearby lymph nodes during colon cancer surgery. and bring the surgical part Go and check for more cancer cells.
The surgeon will refer the patient to surgery to reduce intra-colon obstruction for metastatic patients. The doctor will recommend surgery if the patient’s overall health is deteriorating. This is because this type of treatment relieves symptoms that people may experience from colon cancer. Undesirable symptoms include thrombosis, bleeding, or pain.

in case the cancer has spread to the liver or lungs But the patient’s health is still in good condition. Your doctor may recommend surgical treatment to remove the tumor. along with prior chemotherapy or after surgery This type of treatment gives patients a greater chance of being cured of their cancer.

Chemotherapy treatment (Chemotherapy)

Chemotherapy is the use of chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells. for colorectal cancer patients Chemotherapy is preferred after surgery if the cancer cells are larger. Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer cells that have spread to the lymph nodes. Chemotherapy can be used to destroy cancer cells that remain in the body. And it will also help reduce the recurrence of cancer in the future. Chemotherapy is sometimes used before surgery. to shrink the cancer cells and make it easier to remove the tumor

Sometimes your doctor will use chemotherapy along with radiotherapy. This form of treatment helps to relieve symptoms associated with colon cancer. that cannot be cured by surgery In cases where cancer cells have spread to other organs in the body Your doctor will recommend chemotherapy.

Radiation therapy treatment

Radiation therapy – uses X-rays or protons to destroy cancer cells. Sometimes your doctor will use radiotherapy before surgery. to help reduce the size of larger cancer cells to make it easier to remove the cancerous tumor Radiotherapy is also an option for relieving pain when doctors find that patients are unable to undergo surgical treatment. Radiotherapy is sometimes used in combination with chemotherapy for colon cancer.

Targeted use of cancer drugs Targeted-drug therapy is a treatment that targets abnormal spots within cancer cells. It will be treated to inhibit the growth of abnormal cells. and destroy cancer cells Doctors often use this form of treatment alongside chemotherapy. and is often used for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Immunotherapy

This type of treatment promotes the functioning of the immune system. And will help the immune system to get rid of cancer cells. This is because the effectiveness of the immune system in fighting cancer cells is reduced. Because cancer cells produce proteins that block cells within the immune system. from the detection of cancer cells Immunotherapy interferes with the protein production process of cancer cells. Doctors often recommend immunotherapy to patients with metastatic cancer. The doctor will check if the patient will respond to this form of treatment.

Palliative care

Palliative care is a personal care program that focuses on reducing patients’ pain from treatment. or from other critical illnesses The specialist will work with the patient. The patient’s family and other doctors in close care of the patient Palliative care is suitable for patients undergoing surgical treatment. chemotherapy along with other treatments