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Introduction and Historical of Zhuanxu’s

About Zhuanxu

Zhuanxu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, named Gaoyang, and lived in Diqiu (near Puyang, Henan Province today). He is smart, witty, resourceful, and has a high prestige among the people. The territory he ruled is also much larger, from the north to the present Hebei Province, to the south to the south of Nanling, to the west to the present Gansu area, and to the east to some islands in the East China Sea, all of which are dungeons under his rule. Ancient history books describe that Zhuanxu was warmly received by the tribal people wherever he visited.

According to “Huainanzi Shi Zexun”: “At the extreme of the north, Zhuanxu and Yuanming (Yuanming, also called Xuanming, is the official water official in charge of the north) are governed by thousands of miles.” This Chronicle contains: “The north is the ghost, the south is the Jiaozhi, the west is the quicksand, the east is the wood, the moving and still things, the gods of size, the sun and the moon, all of them belong.” emperor.

Zhuanxu information:

“Historical Records: The Chronicles of Five Emperors” contains: “Xuanyuan Huangdi collapsed and was buried in Qiaoshan. Gao Yang, the son of his grandson Changyi, was also Emperor Zhuanxu.” Zhuanxu, the ancient emperor, is the grandson of Xuanyuan Huangdi. He became the emperor at the age of 20.

The first kingdom was in Gaoyang, and the capital was established in the ancient city of Gaoyang (now Gaoyang County, Hebei Province), so it is also called Gaoyang’s family. . Ancient records contain “Gaoyang, Ancient Xu Emperor Ruins, History of Past Dynasties”. For more than 4,000 years since Emperor Zhuan established the title, Gaoyang has been a county, a military town, and a pass. Its name is not easy.

According to legend, Zhuanxu was the grandson of Emperor Xuanyuan and the leader of the Jiuli tribe. According to legend, Changyi was the second son of Xuanyuan Huangdi and Leizu, who gave birth to Zhuanxu. Zhuanxu has a deep and strategic personality. At the age of fifteen, he assisted Shaohao in governing the Jiuli area and was enfeoffed in Gaoyang (today’s Gaoyang County, Hebei Province), so he was also called the Gaoyang clan. After the death of Xuanyuan Huangdi, Zhuanxu was established as an emperor because of his virtuous virtue, at the age of twenty.

According to “Huainanzi Shi Zexun”: “At the extreme of the north, Zhuanxu and Yuanming (Yuanming, also called Xuanming, is the official water official in charge of the north) are governed by thousands of miles.” This Chronicle contains: “The north is the tomb, the south is the Jiaozhi, the west is the quicksand, the east is the pan wood, the moving and still things, the gods of size, the sun and the moon, all of them belong.” The king of the world.

A book called “Destiny Sequence” in “Spring and Autumn Wei” says that the Zhuanxu tribe has been passed down for 20 generations, 350 years, and “Ji Lan Tu” in “Yi Wei” says it is 500 years old. Zhuanxu and Diku were the second and third emperors of the “Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors” in ancient times.

They succeeded Yan and Huang in the past and Yao and Shun in the later. They laid the foundation of China and are the common humanistic ancestors of the Chinese nation. Fan Wenlan, a master of Chinese studies, wrote in “Compendium of General History of China”: “Before the Han Dynasty, people believed that Xuanyuan Huangdi, Zhuanxu, and Emperor Ku were the ancestors of the Chinese, and it should be a fact.

According to the “Qianlong Imperial Criticism Guide”, Emperor Zhuanxu reigned for 78 years and lived to be 98 years old. During his reign, the following major political initiatives were made:

Beginning as a civil disciplinary officer. The Fuxi clan of Taihao used the dragon as the official, the Xuanyuan clan of the Yellow Emperor regarded the official as the cloud, and the Jintian clan of Shaohao regarded the official as the bird. Emperor Zhuanxu thought that naming official positions in this way was unscientific, so he reformed the names of official positions and began to name official positions with the nature in charge of civil affairs: he selected the son of Shaohao Jintian, Jizhong, as “Muzheng”, also known as “Goumang” , to manage the forests and timber; selected the “Jinzheng”, also known as “Zheng (agricultural) harvest”, to manage metal smelting; selected Xiuxi Xiangdai to serve as “Shuizheng”, also known as “Yuan Ming”, to manage water conservancy; Goulong, a descendant of Emperor Yan, was selected to serve as the post of “Tuzheng”, also known as “Houtu”, to manage the land; Chongli and Wu Hui were selected to serve as “Huozheng”, also known as “Zhu Rong”, to manage the fire.L

i governs people and gods, manages witchcraft, sacrifices, and regulates clan prayer affairs. In this way, the civil society is initially divided into six aspects, and the officials are appointed according to the nature of the civil society, which are the six officials. Since then, the responsibilities of officials are no longer ambiguous.

Reformed witchcraft and sacrifice. According to historical records, witchcraft and divination were rampant at that time, and the results of divination were contradictory, which seriously affected the unity of action among tribes and the unity of tribes. Especially in the Jiuli area, it is more prominent, reaching the point of “people’s gods are mixed, the family is the history of witchcraft, the people are desecrating the alliance, and the disaster is recommending the true”.

In addition to retaining the religious institutions, places and personnel approved by the state, Emperor Zhuanxu retained Order to ban witchcraft among the people. The upper-class nobles in Jiuli refused to implement the central ban. For this reason, there was a war between the Central Plains and Shu, which lasted for more than a year, and finally ended with the unification of the Central Plains and Shu by Emperor Zhuanxu.

Reform A Calendar. It started with the month of Jianyin as the epoch. According to historical records, Emperor Zhuanxu reformed the “Calendar” promulgated by the Yellow Emperor based on advanced astronomical observations and calculations, and set the four seasons and the twenty-four solar terms with the dawn of the first day of the first month of the first spring as the beginning of spring, and so on. It basically conforms to the laws of nature, and plays a scientific guiding role in the production of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Therefore, later generations put him on the title of “Li Zong”.

With the creation of Kyushu, China has its own territory and administrative divisions for the first time. According to Ma Duanlin’s “General Examination of Documents” and “Qianlong Imperial Criticism Guide”, the construction division of China’s Kyushu was created by Emperor Zhuanxu. Although the Huangdi era unified the Central Plains, a large part of the Chiyou tribe retreated to Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and in fact formed a long-term independent situation.

It was not until Emperor Zhuanxu that the real unity of the Chinese Huaxia tribes and Jiu Li, a descendant of Chiyou in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places was realized. On this basis, Emperor Zhuanxu decided to make a clear plan for the construction of China’s regions, and determined the names and sub-jurisdictions of Yan, Ji, Qing, Xu, Yu, Jing, Yang, Yong, Liang and Jiuzhou.

So far, China’s territory “rules all countries (tens of thousands of tribes), from the north to Youling (ie Youzhou), to the south to Jiaozhi (ie Nanjiao), to the west to Liusha (in the area of ​​Yanze, the ancient residence in the southwest of today’s Dunhuang County, Gansu), From the east to Panmu (now Zhongshan in the East China Sea). The sun and the moon are illuminated by the sun and the moon.

Created the first “national anthem” of Kyushu China. According to historical records, the name of this song is “Chengyun”, and its basic creation method is: the music official Feilong’s fusion of popular music from eight major regions in China, “Tiaofeng”, “Ming Shufeng”, “Qingming Feng” “, “Scenery”, “Cool Breeze”, “Cooling Wind”, “Not Zhou Feng”, “Guang Mo Feng”, and created the “Song of Guishui” with the theme of “calling qi and living things”, Then it was cast into a bronze musical bell, which was called “the joy of five bases and six heroes”, named “Chengyun”, which was used to “enjoy God and court the princes” when “the princes of all countries” came to the capital to hold a meeting.

The evaluation of Zhuanxu the Great by later generations is: Jingyuan has a plan, sparsely informs affairs, nourishes materials wherever he goes, carries the time like the sky, relies on ghosts and spirits to control justice, manages Qi to teach, and pure and sincere to sacrifice. Because he advocated the black color in his lifetime, the descendants promoted him as Emperor Xuan.

Of course, the reason why later generations respected him as one of the “Five Ancient Emperors”, in addition to his political achievements, there is another important reason, that is, he also gave birth to Shun’s grandfather Qiongchan and Dayu Emperor’s father Bo Gun . At the same time, according to the Records of the Grand Historian, Emperor Zhuanxu was also the first direct descendant of the first emperor of Qin. According to “Historical Records, Qin Benji Fifth”: Zhuanxu’s granddaughter cultivated a great cause, and the great cause gave birth to a great deal of expense, and the great expense married the daughter of Emperor Shun as his wife.

Da Fei was Bo Yi, and Shun gave him the surname Win. Qin wins Bo Yi out of great expense. From this point of view, Emperor Zhuanxu is still Yao, Yu, Ji, Xia, Si, Ren, Xue, Yu, Chen, Li, Hu, Zeng, Shen, Jiang, Xin. Surname, Feng, Yan, Yuan, Qu, Bai, Zhong, Feng, Chu, Zhu, Lu, Xiong, Pan, Dong, Ge, Fei, Han, Peng, Cao, Qin, Zhao, Ying, Mi, Chu, Jiang, Huang, Liao and other clan ancestors. Emperor Zhuanxu lived for 20 generations, about 350 years.

After Zhuanxu died, he was buried in “Guangyangli outside Puyang City”, which is the northwest of Sanyangzhuang Village, Liangzhuang Township, 30 kilometers south of Neihuang County, Henan Province today. The construction time of the mausoleum can no longer be tested, and the existing cemetery covers an area of ​​about 50,000 square meters. The earliest existing building in front of the mausoleum began in the fourth year of Tang Taihe (830), and was rebuilt later.

The mausoleum is 165 meters long and 66 meters wide. . At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the wind and sand of the old Yellow River moved southward, and the cemetery was gradually buried by sand dunes. In recent years, after clearing the sand and silt, the ruins of the Shinto, the mountain gate, the ruins of the main hall and more than a hundred pieces of monuments for the imperial sacrifices of the emperors of the past dynasties have been excavated.

historical contribution

“Records of the Grand Historian: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors” states: Zhuanxu, “Jingyuan uses strategy, dredging and governors, nourishing materials to serve the land, carrying time to resemble the sky, relying on ghosts and spirits to control justice, regulating Qi to educate, and sincerity to sacrifice.”

It shows that Zhuanxu is a quiet, knowledgeable and strategic person. He can develop production according to different geographical conditions, gather wealth, and determine the four seasons based on the observation of the sky and the movement of the sun and the moon (there was a calendar at that time, called “Zuanxu Calendar”), and he formulated various etiquette systems to educate the people, Sacrifice ancestors and ghosts and spirits of heaven and earth on time. He ordered Zhong to be Nanzheng, who was in charge of the affairs of heaven, earth, ghosts and gods, and Li, Huozheng, who was in charge of human affairs. Therefore, during the Zhuanxu period, production developed greatly compared to before.

Zhuanxu lived in the late primitive society, the clan system had been disintegrated, men married women, people had families, and the era of knowing their mothers but not their fathers has passed. At that time, some regulations were also stipulated that women must avoid men when they meet men on the road, otherwise they would be dragged to the cross street to show the public, and it was also stipulated that brothers and sisters were not allowed to marry.

This shows that the matriarchal clan has given way to the patriarchal clan, the “patriarchy” has been established, and the concept of male superiority over women has begun to appear.