157716List of dynasties in Egyptian history

157716

List of dynasties in Egyptian history

Egypt is an ancient country among the ancient countries in the world, with a long and profound history and culture, profound and colorful. Egypt established the world’s first unified country about 5,150 years ago (about 3,150 BC). The dynasties continued and changed for three thousand years until Rome conquered Egypt in 30 BC. Lemay Dynasty) ended.

Primitive Society

The primitive society of the Egyptians began with the Egyptian Homo erectus 2 million years ago, the earliest human beings in Egypt. Their common ancestor belonged to the ancient apes, mainly from the original apes and the apes in the Fayoum depression of Egypt. About 28 to 26 million years ago. The life of Homo erectus in Fayoum, Egypt reflects the activities of the earliest humans in Egypt.

Farming civilization nurtured the royal state of Egypt

About 9,000 years ago, people settled in the Nile Valley, and began to build houses and villages on the banks to carry out agricultural and animal husbandry production activities. 7,500 years ago, an early city appeared in the Fayoum area of Lower Egypt, and began to use copper, laying the foundation for the formation of civilization.

Archaeological excavations near Lake Fayoum have shown that as early as 5450 BC, the Egyptian ancestors living here cultivated barley and wheat. Another site, Merimda, also located on the west bank of the Nile, is dated to 4800 BC.

Lower Egypt:

1. Fayoum culture (about 5450 BC – 4400 BC)

2. Merimda culture (about 5000 BC – 4100 BC)

3. Omari culture (about 4600 BC – 4350 BC)

4. Maadi Culture (about 4000 BC – 3200 BC)

Upper Egypt:

1. Tasya Badari Culture (about 4500 BC – 4000 BC)

2. The Amrath culture of the first phase of Negada (about 4400 BC – 3500 BC)

3. The second phase of the Gersei culture in Negada (about 3500 BC – 3300 BC)

4. The Semeni culture of the third period of Negada or the zeroth dynasty of the previous dynasty (about 3300 BC-3100 BC)

Dynasty Society

The ancient Egyptian historian Manetho in the third century BC divided Egypt into thirty-one dynasties from the pre-dynastic era (the first dynasty of Egypt) to the late kingdom era (the thirty-first dynasty of Egypt). According to the latest archaeological Discovery (included the 32nd Dynasty after Manetho, that is, the Ptolemaic Dynasty), and on this basis, some scholars re-divided the ancient Egyptian dynasties into 33 dynasties (including the 0th and 32nd dynasties) and the following period:

Antique era (formerly)

0. Pre-dynastic period (Dynasty 0-1, about 3300-3100 BC)

1. Early Dynasty (Dynasty 1-2, about 3100-2686 BC)

Classical era (early)

2. The period of the Old Kingdom (Dynasty 3-6, about 2686-2181 BC)

3. The first intermediate period (Dynasty 7-10, about 2181-2040 BC)

4. Middle Kingdom Period (Dynasty 11-14, about 2040 BC-1786 BC)

5. The second intermediate period (Dynasty 15-17, about 1786-1567 BC)

Age of Empires (Medium)

6. The New Kingdom Period (Dynasty 18-20, about 1567-1085 BC)

7. The third intermediate period (Dynasty 21-25, about 1085-752 BC)

8. Late Kingdom Period (Dynasty 25-31, about 752-332 BC)

Hellenistic Age (Late)

9. Ptolemaic Period (Dynasty 31-32, about 332-30 BC)

Roman era (later)

10. Post-Egyptian period (Egyptian provinces, about 30 BC – 639 AD)

Note:

1. The rulers of Egypt after the Eighteenth Dynasty in the New Kingdom were called “Pharaohs”.

2. According to the latest archaeological excavations of modern Egyptology, it is proved that the first unification of Egypt may have been completed as early as the Scorpion King period, and its span is about 200 years. This period of pre-dynastic period is also called by modern Egyptologists “Zero Dynasty“.

3. Greek immigrants in the middle and late stages of the Ptolemaic dynasty began to be gradually assimilated by Egypt, and this assimilation was interrupted by Rome in the late stage.

4. The demise of ancient Egyptian civilization only refers to the change of culture, but not the demise of the race. The ancient invaders never committed massacres against the native Egyptian race. The modern Egyptian race is of the same origin (Coptic people), and the rest are mostly mixed.

5. The time of the demise of the Egyptian state was 30 BC (the 32nd Dynasty of Rome (the Ptolemaic Dynasty) established the Egyptian province), and the time of the demise of Egyptian civilization was 639 AD (the Arab Empire Islamized Egypt).