154512
Frederick W. Taylor Concepts and Theories, Principle of Scientific Management
Frederick W. Taylor, known as the Father of Scientific Management, points to the merits of a scientific approach to management. It is more important and better than habitual management or Rule of Thumb, which is unformed management. Relying on traditional management methods Follow each other that has been passed down from ancestors.
Taylor suggested that the organization establish a more efficient management system. By means of education that uses scientific principles to help. The creation of management principles must be done in a systematic way. by means of scientific research techniques or methods, rules, methods of work There are standards in the work that the organization will adopt. must first pass an empirical analysis study By observing, timing, taking notes, analyzing and researching well is the best way. Can be used in that work as well.
Taylor defining four principles of scientific management are:
1. Develop scientific principles to be used as working standards. Instead of working as a habit with no work system standardization (Standardization) in work is important. And it is absolutely necessary because all work has to go into the standard system, from the method of work, the amount of work done, the working time, wages, compensation must be standardized. Focus on the One Best Way
2. Must select people according to scientific principles. to get the right person for the job The best benefits for management and workers It will depend on the work of each person. Therefore, everyone has to work to be as productive as possible. The principle of recruiting people to work according to science requires consideration of both knowledge, competence and enthusiasm. In the work is important, so the selection of people to work must not look at the point of selection only. You must also look to the future. It relies on information from a variety of sources, such as the skills, knowledge and expertise that a person expresses during a job test. or a witty personality ingenuity An enthusiasm for work that can be observed in interviews.
3. Must develop each person to be the most effective (Develop person) so that everyone works properly according to science must be done in parallel with the work in item 2 when getting a person to work and then need to be trained. Teach each person to work properly in accordance with the procedures and methods set forth by the organization. In order to prepare those who work to be able to do the work that the organization has set as well. and have the opportunity to advance in the future position as well Taylor’s concept stems from the belief that Each supervisor is a leader who has only one practice expertise, therefore one supervisor cannot supervise all work. Therefore, it is proposed to limit the authority of each supervisor. To do the work that he only has expertise.
4. Build cooperation in working in a friendly way to occur in the organization (Friendly Cooperation). Management must have sympathy for workers. By assigning tasks to workers in the quantity and standard of work that workers will do each day. It should be the right amount, not too heavy. Management must also award special rewards to workers who perform outstanding and scientifically sound work. Management must pay attention to teach workers to work in each step of the job in the right way. by providing a supervisor to teach the job guide workers to work properly And the management must give workers the opportunity to comment on how the work is done. and consider further improvements using scientific experimental analysis.
Advantages of scientific management principles
1. Make employers and employees have better harmony Because both parties know their obligations very well that Each party is responsible for what is to be done, that is, management is responsible for establishing principles and methods of work for each worker to comply with. As for the workers, they are obliged to work according to the procedures and methods that have been set correctly and must work to achieve the quantity and quality as specified by the organization.
2. The workers know that if they work according to the quantity and quality as specified by the organization, how much compensation will they receive? If doing more or less than the standard, remember how much compensation? As a result, the workers and management departments are well aware of the benefits that each party will receive. so understanding arises
3. Make the organization get high productivity while the employees are paid higher according to their productivity. Both sides are trying to develop productivity for the organization fully. Make the organization more successful in doing business.
Disadvantages of scientific management principles
1. Scientific management principles are aimed at the success of organizational operations based on the productivity and rewards of employees. using money as an incentive resulting in people trying to work in order to obtain the highest wages, but without taking into account the psychological needs Social needs of individuals working in the organization at all. Everyone must work in accordance with the rules, procedures and methods that the organization has strictly defined.
2. Management science principles create competition Compete for work because they want to be paid higher than others. The relationship between the people who work together is broken because workers are focused on their duties regardless of others. Therefore, it makes love, harmony and intimacy harmonize. and team collaboration doesn’t happen.
3. Scientific management principles do not set labor standards such as welfare, benefits, etc. As a result, there is no systematic approach to personnel management, requiring supervisors to strictly control every step of the work and to use methods to reward workers who obey and do well in accordance with principles and punish disobedient workers or not working well
4. Scientific management principles pay too much attention to techniques and methods. There is too much division of labor for specific areas. Appropriate to be used only for most repetitive tasks. Because the system works like a production belt, the work is divided into steps according to the work process. And there are programs for workers to work with the use of mechanical guidelines. It is a labor intensive production system (Labor Intensive Industrial) workers have low knowledge. Therefore, it must be taught and monitored at all times by supervisors with specific expertise.
Taylor’s principled management can be seen to be applicable to all types of operational procedures. However, Taylor’s idea was met with many opposition. manager level executive uninformed supervisor Many people see this kind of scientific management as being criticized for disregarding the human element of trust. He resisted because he felt that Taylor looked at people like robots.
