157555The Origin of the Egyptian Port City of Alexandria

157555

The Origin of the Egyptian Port City of Alexandria

Alexandria (also translated as Alexandria, El Iskandariya) is the second largest city and largest port in Egypt. It is a port in Egypt on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is also the most important seaport in Egypt and the capital of Alexandria Province. . Its geographic location is 31°12′ north latitude, 29°15′ east longitude, 208 kilometers northwest of Cairo.

The multi-branched, now dry estuary of the Nile is located 19 kilometers east of Alexandria, where the remains of the ancient city of Canopus are located. The nature of its port is the estuary of the Wanjing River, with a free industrial zone.

Introduction

Alexandria is a port of Egypt on the Mediterranean coast, the most important seaport in Egypt, and the second largest city in Egypt. It is 208 kilometers northwest of Cairo. The multi-branched, now dry estuary of the Nile is located 19 kilometers east of Alexandria, where the remains of the ancient city of Canopus are located.

Alexandria currently has approximately 3.34 million residents. The nature of its port is the estuary of the Wanjing River, with a free industrial zone. Historically, Marco Polo called it the world’s largest port, which is as famous as China’s Quanzhou Zaitong Port.

Alexandria was founded in 332 BC and was named after its founder, Alexander the Great, as the seat of the governor of the Egyptian province of the Macedonian Empire at that time. After the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy, the governor of Egypt, established the Ptolemaic dynasty here and was crowned Ptolemy I (savior). Alexandria became the capital of the Kingdom of Egypt, and soon the largest city in ancient Greek culture.

Its scale and wealth are second only to Rome in ancient western history. But the status of Alexandria continued to decline after Egypt’s Islamic rulers established Cairo as Egypt’s new capital. At the end of the Ottoman Empire it was almost reduced to a small fishing village.

It was the center of trade between ancient Europe and the East and the hub of cultural exchanges. After the Second World War, it developed rapidly and is now a famous cotton market and an important textile industry base in Egypt. In addition, industries such as shipbuilding, chemical fertilizers, and oil refining are also well developed. The port’s international airport has regular flights to all parts of the world.

Layout

The Hong Kong is divided into east and west ports, and there are two breakwaters and the long and narrow Faros Island as barriers outside the port. Westport is a good deep-water port with an area of more than 6 square kilometers. There are 60 main wharves in the port area, and the coastline is 10143m long. The maximum water depth is 10.6m. Including special wharves for coal, grain, timber and petroleum.

The loading and unloading equipment includes various shore cranes, floating cranes, grab cranes, container gantry cranes, transport vehicles and tugboats, among which the maximum lifting capacity of the floating crane is 200 tons, and the maximum power of the tugboat is 880kW.

The warehouse in the port area has a capacity of 30,000 tons. The largest and most reliable 40,000 DWT ships at the terminal. Loading and unloading efficiency: iron ore 1000 tons per hour, coal 900 tons per hour. The anchorage for large ships is in the outer port area, with a maximum water depth of 19.8m.

The Hong Kong Free Industrial Zone was established in 1974 and covers an area of 6 million square kilometers. In 1992, the container throughput was 236,000 TEU, and the annual cargo throughput was about 30 million tons. The main export goods are cotton, ore, fruit, syrup, salt, textiles, grains, ships, cotton yarn, clay and agricultural products, etc. The main goods imported into Japan are steel, automobiles, tea, coffee, wood, light and heavy machinery, tobacco and industrial goods etc. Every year, 80% to 90% of Egypt’s foreign trade goods are transferred through Hong Kong.

The famous cultural relics in Alexandria include the Alexandria Lighthouse and the Alexandria Library. The former is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, but was destroyed by an earthquake. The latter is the royal library of the Ptolemaic royal family. It was destroyed by fire during the period of Cleopatra VII and rebuilt during the Roman Empire. In 391 A.D., Bishop Aphilo of the Roman Empire in Egypt ordered the burning of the books in the Library of Alexandria. This marked the end of the classical cultural period in Egypt and the beginning of the medieval cultural period in Europe.

Climate

The port has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with the highest annual average temperature of about 26°C in July and the lowest of about 12°C in January. There are often sandstorms in spring and autumn, which can last for several hours to 5 days. Early mornings in winter are often foggy. The annual average rainfall is about 300mm.