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What country is the Netherlands?

The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, English: The Kingdom of the Netherlands), referred to as “Netherlands”. It is a constitutional monarchy complex consisting of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curacao and Sint Maarten. The powers of the Dutch government are limited to national defense, foreign affairs, nationality and extradition. In addition to the above powers, each constituent country has full autonomy and autonomy.

The Netherlands was under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Dynasty and the Spanish Habsburg Dynasty before 1648. The Netherlands was established in 1581. The Netherlands Province (Holland) is the largest and the largest in the Netherlands. The richest and most powerful province, the Chinese translation of “Holland” comes from the word “Holland”. Spain officially recognized its independence in 1648, and reached its heyday in the 17th century, becoming the most powerful maritime hegemon in the world at that time, and was once known as the sea coachman. A kingdom was established in 1815, and a constitutional monarchy was established in 1848.

The Netherlands is a world-famous low country country with 12 provinces and 443 municipalities. The capital is located in Amsterdam, but its central government, the residence of the king, all government offices and foreign embassies, the Supreme Court and many organizations are in The Hague. With a total land area of ​​41,864 square kilometers, it is located in the northwest of Europe. It is the European starting point of the famous Eurasian Continental Bridge and borders Germany and Belgium. It is also one of the founding countries of the European Union and NATO, and a member of the Schengen Convention, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization and other international organizations.

The Netherlands is a highly developed capitalist country known for its seawalls, windmills, tulips and a tolerant society, with some of the most liberal laws in the world on drugs, sex trafficking and abortion. The Netherlands was the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage and euthanasia. Ranked second in the 2018 Global Innovation Index. From January 2020, the Netherlands will adopt a new national logo.

Population ethnicity

The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with a population density of over 407.5 people per square kilometer.

According to the statistics of the Dutch Immigration Service, the total population of Chinese in the Netherlands was about 120,000 in 2012, accounting for about 0.7% of the total population of the Netherlands. There is no large-scale concentration of Chinese in the Netherlands, and most cities in the Netherlands are populated by Chinese.

As of 2018, the total population of the Netherlands was 17.26 million (Statistics Netherlands, 2018). 76.9% are Dutch, in addition to Frisians, Morocco, Turkey, and Suriname are the larger ethnic groups, and the Chinese have become the fourth largest ethnic group. The official language is Dutch, and Frisian is spoken in the province of Frisian. 26% of the native population are Catholic and 16% are Christian (Statistics Netherlands, 2017).

Regional location

The Netherlands is located in western Europe, bordering Germany to the east and Belgium to the south. It is bordered by the North Sea to the west and north, and is located in the delta of the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. Located between 3°21′ to 7°13′ east longitude and 50°45′ to 53°52′ north latitude.

The total land area of ​​the Netherlands is 41,864 square kilometers.

Native

The farthest distance between the north and south of the Netherlands is about 300 kilometers, and the farthest distance from east to west is about 200 kilometers, with a total area of ​​41,864 square kilometers. There are more than 1,800 kilometers of sea dams and embankments along the coast, and the coastline is 1,075 kilometers long. Since the 13th century, a total of more than 7,100 square kilometers of land has been reclaimed, which is equivalent to one-fifth of the land area of ​​the Netherlands. Today, 18% of the land of the Netherlands is created by artificial reclamation.

Overseas

In addition to the mainland, the Netherlands has jurisdiction over two overseas territories: Aruba and the Antilles, covering an area of ​​980 square kilometers.

Aruba is an island in the Caribbean Sea, located off the Gulf of Venezuela in the north of Venezuela, a South American country, about 25 kilometers from the Paraguana Peninsula. Becoming a separate political entity of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1986, the Netherlands continues to be responsible for the island’s defense and foreign affairs.

The Netherlands Antilles consists of two groups of islands, north and south, more than 800 kilometers apart in the Caribbean Sea. On January 1, 2007, Curacao and Sint Maarten became separate Dutch dependencies, and the remaining three islands formed the “Kingdom Islands”, the status of which is to be determined.

Topography

The low level is the most prominent feature of the Dutch terrain. The whole territory is lowland, a quarter of the land is less than 1 meter above sea level, and a quarter of the land is below the sea level. Except for some hills in the south and east, most of the terrain is very low. The south is connected by the delta of the Rhine, Maas and Scheldt. “Netherlands” is called the Netherlands in Germanic, which means “land of the lowlands”. It is named because more than half of its land is below or almost level with sea level, and some areas are even formed by reclaiming land from the sea. Most of the Leverland province.

The highest point in the Netherlands is Vaalserberg in the southeastern corner of the southern province of Limburg, at 321 meters above sea level. The lowest point in the Netherlands is near Rotterdam, 6.7 meters below sea level.

Climate characteristics

The Netherlands is located between 51°-54° north latitude and is affected by the warm Atlantic current. It has a temperate oceanic climate with warm winters and cool summers. The average summer temperature in the coastal areas of the Netherlands is 16°C and the average winter temperature is 3°C. The average temperature in the inland area is 17°C in summer and 2°C in winter. From June to August, the temperature is 21 to 26 ℃. Winter is rainy and windy, with an average temperature of 1.7°C in January. The lowest temperature recorded in the history of the Netherlands was -27.8°C and the highest temperature reached 38.6°C.

The annual rainfall in the Netherlands is about 760 mm. Rainfall is basically evenly distributed throughout the four seasons. The average monthly rainfall from January to June is 40 to 60 mm, and the average monthly rainfall from July to December is 60 to 80 mm. The average monthly number of sunny hours in the Netherlands is highest in May at around 220 hours and lowest in December at around 39 hours.