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Yu Shun’s Historical Materials and Legends
About Yu Shun
Shun (shùn) is a figure in Chinese legends and history, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. His name was Chonghua; he was born in Yaoxu, hence his surname Yao, from Jizhou, and his capital was Puban (now Yongji, Shanxi).
Shun was the leader of the alliance of the four tribes, and he became emperor in the world by accepting Yao’s “concession”, and his country’s name was “You Yu”. Therefore, it is called “You Yu’s Emperor Shun”. Emperor Shun, Da Shun, Emperor Shun of Yu, and Emperor Shun were all the emperors of Yu and Shun, so they were referred to as Shun in later generations.
The common ancestor of the Chinese nation. He is not only one of the founders of Chinese morality, but also an important founder of Chinese civilization. “Mencius”: “Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to Neuxia, died in Mingtiao, and he was a man of Dongyi.”
Shun’s achievements
After Yao’s death, Shun had another great political revolution. The responsibilities of Yu, Gao Tao, Qi, Qi, Bo Yi, Kui, Long, Chui, and Yi, who had already been named, were not clearly defined.
At this time, Shun ordered Yu to be the chief minister to govern the water and soil; Qi to serve as Houji and to take charge of agriculture; Qi to serve as a minister to promote education; Gao Tao to serve as a “scholar” and in charge of criminal law; ; ordered Yi to serve as “Yu”, in charge of the mountains and forests; ordered Bo Yi to serve as “Zhizong” and presided over ceremonies; ordered Kui to be the music officer, in charge of music and education; ordered Long to serve as “Na Yan”, responsible for issuing orders and collecting opinions.
It is also stipulated that a performance review will be conducted once every three years, and promotion or dismissal will be determined by the results of the review three times. Through such rectification, “Shu Ji Xian Xi”, all work has appeared a new look.
All of the above-mentioned people have made brilliant achievements, and among them, Yu’s achievement is the greatest. He devoted himself to controlling floods. As an example, he cut mountains and rivers, dredged rivers, and finally conquered the floods, so that the people of the world can live and work in peace and contentment.
When compared, “the merits of Emperor Shun and Emperor Shun in the four seas” and “the world’s virtuous virtue begins with Emperor Yu”, presenting an unprecedented situation of peace and tranquility.
When Shun was old, he thought that his son Shang Jun was unworthy, so he decided Yu, the most prestigious, to be his successor, and Yu came to regent. Therefore, like Yao, Shun and Yao are both sage kings who have given up the virtuous position of Zen.
It is said that after Yao’s death, Shun reigned for 39 years. When he was patrolling in the south, he died in the wild of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuxian Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, called “Lingling”. However, there are many doubts about this. First of all, Cangwu was a barren land at that time.
It is neither an economic or cultural center nor a military stronghold against foreigners. Shun was nearly a hundred years old at the time, and there was no reason to visit here. Second, the capital of Shun Ding was Puban, which is now Yongji County, Shanxi. It is thousands of miles away from Cangwu.
Given the traffic conditions at the time, if Shun wanted to go back and forth, it would take several years. Moreover, Shun was on a southern tour, and Cangwu might not be the end point, but Shun, who was nearly a hundred years old, never had the physical strength and energy to go on such a long march-like southern tour.
To sum up, some people put forward a point of view: Shun must have had his last resort when he traveled far. Either they were escorted by arms and had to go; or they were chased by soldiers and blindly escaped. Both should be one of them.
The legend of Shun
Shun lost his mother when he was young, and his father remarried and gave birth to a son, Xiang. Shun had to work at a very young age to support his family. His father was stubborn and doted on his step-wife and young son, and all three wanted to kill Shun. Shun was usually filial to his parents and cared for his younger brother.
If you make a small mistake, you are willing to be punished. If his parents and younger brother were going to kill him, he would hide so they couldn’t find him.
At the age of twenty, Shun became famous all over the world for his filial piety. When Shun was thirty years old, Emperor Yao asked who among the four mountains in the world could inherit the throne, and the four mountains recommended Shun. Emperor Yao then summoned Shun and asked, “I want to bring peace to the world. What do you think I should do?”
Shun replied, “Treat people fairly, be impartial, and be not sloppy about trivial matters. You must also pay attention to your credibility, so that people in the world will automatically support you.” Yao then asked, “What is the most important thing?” Shun replied: ” Sacrifice to God.” Then he asked, “Which official position is the most important?”
Shun replied, “Manage the land.” Yao asked again, “What is the first thing to do?” Shun replied, “Take care of the people.”
Emperor Yao was very satisfied, and rewarded Shun with clothes made of fine cloth and a qin, and gave him cattle and sheep, and built a granary for him. Yao also married his two daughters, Ehuang and Nuying, to Shun, and built a palace for them. Various methods were used to test Shun, and Shun achieved outstanding results and was widely praised.
According to the “Historical Records”, Shun once cultivated in Lishan, making the people of Lishan push each other’s boundaries; making pottery in Taohebin, so that the pottery in the riverside would no longer cut corners; fishing in Leize, let Leize’s Everyone pushes the fishing world.
Although Shun was deeply loved by Yao, Shun’s father and younger brother Xiang still wanted to kill Shun. Once, Gu Sou said to Shun, “The roof of the granary is leaking, go and fix it.”
Shun then climbed to the top of the granary and smeared mud to repair the leak, and his stepmother asked Xiang to set the granary on fire at this time. Shun was so anxious that he used a bamboo hat to protect himself from the fire and escaped. escape).
Once again, the stepmother asked Shun to dig a well. When Shun was digging the well, he dug a secret passage in the side wall to the outside. When Shun dug into the depths, his stepmother and Xiang poured soil down to fill the well, and Shun escaped through the dark passage next to him.
The stepmother and Xiang both thought that Shun was dead and were very happy. Xiang said, “I came up with this idea. Shun’s wives and concubines and the qin belong to me, and the cattle, sheep and granary belong to the two elders.” Xiang then moved to Shun’s palace to live and played Shun’s qin.
When Shun returned home, Xiang was very surprised at first, then very uncomfortable, and said, “I miss you very sadly!” Shun replied, “Really? You are such a good brother!” After that, he was still very filial to his parents. , love my brother.
Shun is particularly good at identifying and using talent. The Gaoyang clan has eight talented descendants, who are called “Bakai”, which means eight kind people. The Gao Xin clan also had eight talented descendants, who were called “Ba Yuan”, which means eight kind-hearted people.
These sixteen people were famous, but Emperor Yao did not use them. After Shun became Emperor Yao’s subject, he elected Ba Kai to take over the post of land management, and Shun also recommended Ba Yuan to go to the Sifang Kingdom to promote the five kinds of education. , peace on all sides.
At that time, the Dihong clan had an ineffective descendant. He destroyed morality, was insidious and vicious, and did all kinds of bad things. People called him “Chaos”; the Shaohao clan had an inferior descendant. In his rhetoric, he was called “Qianqi”.
The Zhuanxu family had an incompetent descendant, who could not teach him a lesson, and did not know what to do, so people called him “Jingtu”; the Jinyun family had an incompetent descendant, who liked to eat and drink, and greedy for treasure and bribes. The world hated him very much and called him “” gluttonous”.
These four families caused social disaster, but Di Yao failed to drive them away. After Shun found out, he opened the city gate and exiled the four families to the remote areas of Sifang, so that they could defend against the monsters of Sifang. The bad guys are driven away, and the society is stable.
