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How did the French Fifth Republic come about?

France is a country with a revolutionary tradition. Since the French people sent Louis XVI to the guillotine in 1789, there have been five vigorous revolutions, and now France is the Fifth Republic of France. After each revolution, The French political system has changed from the last time.

Today’s French political system is a product of the Fifth Revolution. It was passed by the French people in 1958 by a vote of all citizens, which determines the way the state’s political system of the Fifth Republic operates.

In June 1958, Charles de Gaulle formed a cabinet, and in September of the same year, a new constitution was introduced to strengthen the power of the president. After the constitution was passed, the Fourth Republic perished.

In January 1959, Charles de Gaulle officially became the first president of the French Fifth Republic, integrating various powers such as appointing and removing the prime minister, organizing the government, dissolving the National Assembly, and promulgating laws. The powers of the President of the French Fifth Republic were much greater than those of the general bourgeois republic, and this polity has been maintained to this day .

On June 1, 1958, the Algerian problem caused a political crisis, and the French parliament authorized C.-A.-M.-J. de Gaulle to organize the government. In September, the referendum passed a new draft constitution, resulting in the constitution of the Fifth Republic. The constitution weakens the parliament and strengthens the power of the president and government.

In November, the Gaullist League for the Defense of the New Republic won a majority in the National Assembly elections. On December 21, de Gaulle was elected as the first president of the Fifth Republic.

On January 8, 1959, President Charles de Gaulle took office, and the French Fifth Republic began. The powers of the President of the French Fifth Republic are far greater than that of the President of the general bourgeois republic. It integrates various powers such as appointing and removing the prime minister, organizing the government, dissolving the National Assembly, and promulgating laws.

From 1958 to 1969, de Gaulle implemented an independent foreign policy during his administration.

In 1959, it took back command of the French fleet from NATO, barring the United States from using French bases.

In 1960, France exploded its first atomic bomb.

In 1963, Charles de Gaulle refused to sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, restored diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany, put forward the slogan of “Europe for Europeans”, and vetoed the United Kingdom, which has special relations with the United States, to join the Western European Common Market.

In 1964, France and China resumed diplomatic relations.

In 1966, all French troops withdrew from NATO, forcing the organization’s headquarters to leave France and move to Brussels.

In April 1969, Charles de Gaulle resigned and Alain Pouet took his place.

On June 15, Pompidou was elected president. Internally, the political system of the Fifth Republic was used, and the economy was vigorously developed. Continue to pursue the policy of safeguarding national independence in foreign countries. He is the first French head of state to visit China, and the first to visit China by a Western head of state.

After the death of Georges-Jean Pompidou in 1974, Alain Pouet took over again.

On May 19, 1974, French Democratic Unionist Giscard Destin was elected president.

In May 1981, the socialist FMM Mitterrand was elected president.

In June 1981, the National Assembly election was held, and the Socialist Party won 55% of the seats, thus becoming the largest party in France.

In 1986, in the March National Assembly elections, the Socialist Party suffered a setback, and there was a situation in which a left-wing president and a right-wing prime minister coexisted, which had not been seen since the founding of the Fifth Republic.

In 1992, the Treaty on the European Union was signed in Maastricht, the Netherlands.

In May 1995, Jacques Chirac was elected President of the Republic.

The National Assembly was dissolved on 21 April 1997. Early elections will be held on May 25 and June 1. Local elections were held in March. The result of this election produced a “coexistence” of the left and the right.