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Which dynasty in Chinese history did not marry

In 200 BC, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was besieged by the Xiongnu in Baideng Mountain, and he was able to escape after seven days and seven nights. After that, the Western Han Dynasty began to implement the policy of “peace” with the Xiongnu. Women from the Central Plains married Xiongnu Shanyu in the name of princesses in order to achieve border peace. Since then, “harmony” has become an important means for Chinese dynasties to deal with their relations with neighboring ethnic groups.

But not every dynasty can accept “peace marriage”. Among the unified dynasties in China, there are three dynasties that have never made peace with foreigners.

The first one is the Eastern Han Dynasty. Although the Eastern Han Dynasty is the inheritance of the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty has never “sent the Lord” to “peace” with the surrounding ethnic groups or regimes like the Western Han Dynasty.

In the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a discussion of “peace and marriage”, but it was not implemented. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Huns were powerful and often plundered the border, becoming the most serious threat to the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Eastern Han Dynasty was busy with the domestic unification war and had no time to take care of it. It sought to improve the relationship between the two sides.

In the 22nd year of Jianwu Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu Shanyu sent an envoy to the Eastern Han Dynasty to ask for a marriage, but was not allowed. Twenty-four years after Jianwu, the Xiongnu split into the north and the south. The southern Xiongnu attached to the Han, while the northern Xiongnu continued to occupy Mobei, fighting against the Eastern Han. At the same time, they kept sending envoys to ask for peace.

In order to seek peace, the northern Xiongnu donated a large amount of horses and furs, and also brought goods from the Western Regions, but Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty still refused. In the period of Emperor Han Ming and Emperor Han Zhang, the Northern Xiongnu continued to ask for peace many times, but at the same time invaded the border of the Eastern Han Dynasty several times, and was finally defeated by the Eastern Han Dynasty.

The second is the Song Dynasty. Although the Song Dynasty was famous for its “poverty and weakness”, it never made peace with foreigners.

Historically, the Liao Kingdom and the Jin Kingdom had become possible peace targets of the Song Dynasty, but neither of them came true. When the Song and Liao countries signed the “Chanyuan Alliance”, the Liao State had requested “peace” during the negotiations, but the Song Dynasty did not agree. Sima Guang’s “Sushui Jiwen” said: “Since the captive soldiers retreated, they came to ask for peace, and Liu Renfan was ordered to discuss it. Renfan resigned ill, and ordered Cao to replace him.”

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, after the Jin defeated the Liao Dynasty, it took advantage of the momentum to attack the Song Dynasty, captured Kaifeng, and captured Hui and Qinzong, which was called “the shame of Jingkang”. According to the “Song History” records: During this period, the Jin people also made a request for “reconciliation” to the Song Dynasty. : Marriage is a strategy that Jin people have tried many times, and it is not credible.”

The third is the Ming Dynasty. Like the Eastern Han and Song dynasties, the Ming Dynasty never made peace with surrounding ethnic groups. After the Tumubao Incident, Ming Yingzong was captured. In order to welcome Yingzong back, some ministers suggested making peace with Oala. Zhou Xu, a scholar of the Nanjing Imperial Academy, wrote a letter: “Your Highness is the sage. If you are a brother, you are a brother.

If you are friendly, you are a monarch and a minister. The enmity between the monarch and the father is not the same. It is advisable to avenge the Wu revenge with the monarch and the minister like the king of Yue. If you return to Shengjia, you will form a good marriage, which will benefit you forever.” Zhou Xu believed that although the Ming Dynasty and Wala had a sworn feud, in order to welcome Yingzong back, they could adopt an expedient measure of making peace.

Japan also proposed peace with the Ming Dynasty. In the 20th year of Wanli (1592), the Japanese army invaded North Korea on a large scale. Li Rusong and others led the Ming army to defeat the Japanese army. After a series of battles, the two sides ceased fighting and negotiated peace. The request to marry the emperor (and relatives). In the end, neither Oirat nor Japan made peace with the Ming Dynasty.

Why did the Eastern Han, Song, and Ming dynasties have no peace? Largely because of the influence of Confucianism. The kinship policy conflicts with Confucian morals and ethics, so the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Song and Ming dynasties, when Confucianism was the most developed, did not implement this policy.