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Turkey Travel Guide

Turkey Country in the Middle East
Capital: Ankara
Currency: Turkish lira
Population: 85.04 million (2021) World Bank (Update)
Minimum wage: 440.29 EUR per month (Jun 2020) Eurostat (Update)
Continent: Europe, Asia
Official language: Turkish

Major cities: Istanbul (9.2 million), Ankara (3.7 million), Izmir (3.2 million), Adana (1.7 million), Bursa (1.9 million)

Turkey borders on the east with Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran. It borders on the south with Iraq, Syria and the Mediterranean Sea. In the west, it borders on Greece, Bulgaria and the Aegean Sea. In the north it borders on the Black Sea. Separating Anatolia and Tras is the Sea of ​​Marmara. and the Turkish Strait (Bosphorus Strait and Dardanelles Strait), which is often regarded as the border between Asia and Europe. As a result, Turkey is a country with territories on many continents, located partly in southeastern Europe (3%) and partly in Western Asia. North by the Black Sea To the east is Georgia and Armenia. To the south is Iraq, Syria and the Mediterranean Sea. The northwest is connected to Bulgaria and Greece,

An area of ​​783,562 square kilometers (including lakes and islands).

Geography

Turkey is a bicontinental country with territories in both Asia and Europe. Turkey on the Asian side covering most of the Anatolian Peninsula. It comprises 97 percent of the country and is separated from European Turkey by the Bosphorus Strait, Sea of ​​Marmara and Dardanelles Strait. The European side of Turkey, located on the Balkans, accounts for 3% of the country’s total area. Turkey’s territory is rectangular in shape with a length of more than 1,600 km and a width of about 800 km. Turkey has an area (including lakes) of approximately 783,562 km2.

Turkey is surrounded on three sides by the sea. including the Aegean Sea in the west northern black sea and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. There is also the Sea of ​​Marmara in the northwest.
The Asian side of Turkey, often called Anatolia or Asia Minor, consists of plateau in the middle of the country.

It lies between the eastern Black Sea Mountains and Gerolu in the north and the Taurus Mountains in the south, and has a narrow coastal plain. Eastern Turkey is mountainous and is the source of many rivers such as Euphrates, Tigris and Arras rivers There is also a day lake. and Mount Ararat It is Turkey’s highest point at 5,165 meters. Happened for thousands of years It still appears today in the form of frequent earthquakes and occasional volcanic eruptions. The Bosphorus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait are also formed by tectonic fissures that are formed. The Turkish pass created the Black Sea. In the northern part of the country, the seismic separation line runs from west to east. which was the cause of the great earthquake in 1971 and 1999.

Climate

The Mediterranean coast has a Mediterranean climate. In other words, summer is hot and dry. The winter is warm and rainy. Mountain ranges located near the coast provide a barrier to the central climate of the country. It’s continental. There are obvious differences between the seasons. Winter in the central highlands is very cold. The temperature dropped to -30 to -40? There may be snow cover for up to 4 months a year. The West Coast has an average winter temperature of less than 1 ? Summer is hot and dry.

During the day the temperature is above 30? The average annual precipitation is about 400 mm, the actual amount varies with altitude. The driest areas are the Konya Plain and the Malatya Plain, with the same rainfall. The annual change is less than 300 mm. The rainiest month is May. and the driest months are July and August.

Population-Ethnicity

As of 2007, Turkey has a population of 70.5 million and is growing at a rate of 1.04% per year. The average population density is 92 square kilometers. The population density of each province varies from 11 inhabitants per square kilometer (in Tunjeli) to 2,420 inhabitants per square kilometer (in Tunjeli). (In Istanbul), the median population age is 28.3. According to 2005 official data, the median life expectancy of the entire population is 71.3 years.

The majority of the population of Turkey has Turkish names. which is approximately 50 to 55 million people. Other important ethnicities are Kurds, Sirsassians, Zaza Bosniaks, Georgians, Albanians, Roma (Gypsies), Arabs and three other nationalities received. Officially recognized are Greeks, Armenians and Jews. The largest group are the Kurds (about 12.5 million), who usually live in the southeast of the country.

After World War II, many Turkish people immigrated to Western Europe. (particularly West Germany) as the demand for labor in Europe increases. resulting in a Turkish community outside the country But in recent times, Turkey has become a destination for immigrants from neighboring countries. which includes immigrants settling in Turkey and those who use Turkey as a gateway to European countries. Language Turkey has only one official language, Turkish.

Turkish is also spoken in many parts of Europe, such as Cyprus, southern Kosovo, Macedonia, and areas in the Balkans that were once part of the Ottoman Empire, such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Govina, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and Serbia. There are also more than 2 million Turkish speakers living in Germany. And there are Turkish speakers in Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland. and the United Kingdom.

Education Education in Turkey is compulsory. and free of charge for students from 6 to 15 years of age. The literacy rate was 95.3 per cent for men, 79.6 per cent for women, and an overall average of 87.4 per cent. The countryside still has a trend. The old idea of ​​not favoring women to study.

Religion: 99% Muslim. The rest are Christians and Jews.

Currency

Lira (Lira – TRL) Turkish Central Bank Exchange Rate October 12, 2004
US $ 1 = 1,521,500 Lira Check Exchange Rates Worldwide

New Currency

Since January 1, 2005, the Turkish currency will change from the Lira. Originally, “Turkish Lira” (TRL) was a new lira, New Turkish Lira (TRY), with 6 digits of zero removed and a sub-currency of New Kurush (YKr), for example, 123,625,000 TRL would become 123.63 TRY, etc. According to official documents, All financial or financial business contracts will be subject to change from TRL to TRY starting January 1, 2005. However, TRL banknotes and coins will continue to be allowed to be used in conjunction with TRY for the entire period. 2005

National Day: 29 October

Compared to other Muslim countries in the middle east Turkey is the most democratic country. One important factor is “Secularism” Turkey has a political policy close to the West. It is a member of NATO, OECD and the European Customs Union and started negotiations for EU membership in October. Since 2005, Turkish nationals are currently holding key positions in international organizations, including OIC Secretary-General and UNDP Administrator.

The Turkish government under the leadership of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan is highly stable. The ruling party is very popular with the people as it has restored growth. economic growth reduce inflation and open to people more freedom It also promotes the country’s role as an oil transport route in the region. However, the risk factors of the Turkish government include the implementation of the IMF’s economic reform plan, the Kurdish terrorist (PKK) problem, and the bird flu problem. and the Cyprus problem.