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Guangzhou City in China

Guangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city in Guangdong

Guangzhou, referred to as Sui, also known as Yangcheng and Huacheng, is the provincial capital of Guangdong Province, a sub-provincial city, a national central city, a mega city, an international metropolis, an international business center, an international comprehensive transportation hub, and a national comprehensive gateway city. The city is the headquarters of the Southern Theater Command.

Guangzhou is located in the central and southern part of Guangdong Province, on the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta, close to the South China Sea, and adjacent to Hong Kong and Macau. It is the southern gate of China to the world, the central city of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, and the Belt and Road Initiative. hub city.

Guangzhou is a national historical and cultural city. Since the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou has always been the administrative center of the county, state and government; it has always been the political, military, economic, cultural and scientific and educational center of South China. Guangzhou is the radiation center of Cantonese culture. Guangzhou has been the main port of the Maritime Silk Road since the 1930s. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it became the largest port in China and a world-famous eastern port city. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the only major port for foreign trade in China and the only port in the world for more than 2,000 years. A prosperous port.

Guangzhou has a total area of ​​7,434 square kilometers and has 11 municipal districts under its jurisdiction. It has a marine subtropical monsoon climate. Guangzhou is the largest city in South China. Guangzhou has been rated as a first-tier city in the world by the global authority GaWC. The “China Import and Export Fair” held in Guangzhou every year has attracted a large number of businessmen and investors from foreign-funded enterprises and Fortune 500 companies.

There are more than 8,700 national high-tech enterprises in Guangzhou, ranking the top three in the country in total. Guangzhou is home to 80% of colleges and universities and 70% of scientific and technological personnel in the province, and the total number of college students at the school ranks first in the country.

The per capita household deposit in Guangzhou ranks among the top three in the country, and the per capita disposable income ranks first in the province. Guangzhou’s human development index ranks first in China, and the national central city index ranks third in China. In 2017, Forbes ranked second in the “Best Commercial Cities in Mainland China” and ranked third in China’s Top 100 Cities.

Guangzhou history and culture

1. School

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Cui Yu, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, and his disciple Li Piaoying founded the Jupo School, the first academic school in the history of Lingnan, in Guangzhou. It was the mainstream school of Lingnan academics at that time.

Li Piaoying is the first tanhua in the history of Lingnan, and his important disciples include Zhang Zhensun, Chen Dazhen, Li Chunsou, He Wenji and so on. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhan Ruoshui founded the “Ganquan School” on the basis of inheriting Chen Baisha’s theory, and established nearly 40 academies all over the country, with thousands of disciples, all over the north and south of the river, and became a major school of Neo-Confucianism, which promoted the Ming Dynasty. The development and prosperity of psychology.

In the Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou formed the “Dongshu School” represented by Chen Li. His book “Tongyi of Han Confucianism” demonstrated that the sectarian view of Sinology and Song Dynasty was groundless, and advocated breaking the sectarian view; Spread to Japan, it has become a must-read for Japanese majors in Sinology.

After the Opium War, Kang Youwei founded the “Wanmu Caotang” in Guangzhou to cultivate reform and reform talents to strengthen the country. Important students include Liang Qichao, Mai Menghua, Xu Qin, etc.; He Ziyuan, Qiu Fengjia and others actively founded and promoted the new school, cultivating a large number of students. The social elite with ideological progress and innovation has accumulated huge energy for the 1911 Revolution.

2. Literature

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yang Fu, a scholar of Han Yilang in Guangzhou, wrote my country’s first regional monograph on properties, “The Chronicles of Foreign Objects”, and was the earliest scholar in Guangdong to write a book.

In the Song Dynasty, the Pearl River Delta became the center of Lingnan literature. Guangzhou’s Cui Yu and Li Piaoying were figures of national influence, and Cui Yu was the beginning of Lingnan Song Ci.

In the Ming Dynasty, the literati associations represented by the Nanyuan Front Five Sons and the Nanyuan Back Five Sons Poetry Society were prevalent in Guangzhou. Representative figures included Sun Tan, Huang Zhe, Ou Daren, Liang Youyu, Li Minbiao, Wu Dan, Li Shixing, Kuang Lu, Chen Zizhuang, Li Suiqiu Wait.

In the Qing Dynasty, a group of poets represented by the “Three Great Masters of Lingnan” and “Seven Sons of Lingnan” appeared in Guangzhou, including Qu Dajun, Chen Gongyin, Liang Peilan, Cheng Keze, Wang Bangji, Fang Dianyuan, Fang Huan, Fang Chao, Zhang Weiping, Liang Dingfen, etc. , so that the Lingnan poetry circle and the Central Plains, Jiangsu and Zhejiang poetry circles are three pillars. The poems of the “Three Great Masters of Lingnan” enjoyed a high reputation in the Qing Dynasty poetry circle, and also played an important role in the history of Chinese literature.

3. Painting

Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Lingnan painting circle has developed greatly, and many talents have emerged. In Guangzhou, there are Lin Liang, Yan Zong, He Hao, Zhang Yu, Li Jian, Xie Lansheng, Luo Tianchi, Ju Chao, Ju Lian, Su Liupeng, Chen Pu and so on.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the “Lingnan School of Painting” emerged in Guangdong. The founders Gao Jianfu, Gao Qifeng and Chen Shuren were all from Panyu. On the basis of Chinese painting, they combined Eastern and Western painting methods, created their own style, and wrote rebirths. The rules and brushwork are not out of the ordinary, the colors are bright, and there are many scholars. They are three pillars with the Beijing-Tianjin School and the Shanghai School, and they have become the dominant Chinese painting circles in the 20th century. One of the three schools of painting.

Representatives include Gao Jianfu, Gao Qifeng, Chen Shuren, Guan Shanyue, Zhao Shaoang, Li Xiongcai, Yang Shanshen, Lu Chuanyuan, He Xiangning, Fang Rending, Wu Jialing, Huang Dufeng, Situ Qi, He Lei, Li Gemin, Huang Huanwu, Huang Shaoqiang , Chen Ningdan, etc. In addition, Tongcao painting is a painting art that originated in Guangzhou in the 19th century.

4. Music

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the flourishing period of Lingnan Guqin art. The representatives of Guangzhou included Kuang Lu, Chen Zizhuang, Chen Zisheng, Chen Gongyin, Chen Li, Zhu Qilian, Yang Xinlun, etc. The famous repertoires include “Bijian Liuquan”, “Shuidongyou”, “Dongguan” “Two Cranes Listening to the Spring”, “Questions and Answers with the Fisherman and Woodcutter”, “Olls and Herons Forget the Machine”, “Falling Wild Geese in Pingsha”, “Crows in the Dark Night”, etc.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Cantonese music emerged in the Pearl River Delta area, including Yan Laolie and famous artists such as He Liutang, He Yunian, and He Shaoxia, who were known as the “Three Heroes of the He Family”, as well as Lu Wencheng, Yin Zizhong, He Shaoxia, the “Four Heavenly Kings”. Dasha, He Langping and other musical talents have created “Autumn Moon on Pinghu”, “Yang Cuixi”, “Thunder in Dry Sky”, “Upside Down Curtain”, “Rain Beating the Banana”, “Backgammon”, “Banana Stone Singing Qin”, “Dragon Race to Win Gold” ” and other famous music.

After the 1940s, many famous Cantonese music became known as “national music” for state banquets and welcome music. Shawan Town, Panyu District, was named “Hometown of Chinese Folk Art – Hometown of Guangdong Music” by the Ministry of Culture. Guangdong music, the Lingnan school of painting and Cantonese opera are also known as the “Three Shows of Lingnan”.

5. Opera

Cantonese Opera, originated from Southern Opera, is widely circulated in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese communities. After the lifting of the ban on Cantonese opera in the Qing Dynasty, Cantonese opera artists established the Bahe Guild Hall in Huangsha, Guangzhou. Since then, Guangzhou has gradually become one of the centers of Cantonese opera activities. The famous Cantonese opera plays in Guangzhou include “The Flower of the Emperor”, “The Story of the Purple Hairpin” and “The Peony Pavilion”. “Dream”, “Shuangxian Baiyue Pavilion”, “Rebirth of Red Plum”, “Butterfly Shadow and Red Pear”, “Xiangluozhong”, “Red Cherry Broken Heart”, “Blood Stained Begonia Red” and so on.

Cantonese opera troupes in Guangzhou include Jue Xiansheng Opera Troupe, Guangdong Cantonese Opera Troupe, Guangzhou Cantonese Opera Troupe, Guangzhou Hongdou Cantonese Opera Troupe, etc. Famous Cantonese opera actors include: Xue Juexian, Ma Shizeng, Liang Cibo, Liang Xingbo, Xinma Shizeng, Fang Yanfen, Red Line Girl, Lang Junyu, Luo Pinchao, famous screenwriters include Jiang Yuliu, Tang Disheng, Yang Zijing, etc.

6. Process

“Three carvings, one color and one embroidery” is the main representative of Guangzhou traditional arts and crafts, namely Guangzhou ivory carving, Guangzhou jade carving, Guangzhou wood carving, Guangcai and Guangxiu.

Guangzhou carvings also include Guangzhou olive carvings, stone carvings, brick carvings, bone carvings, shell carvings, etc. Since the Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou craftsmen have selected various precious materials according to the requirements of Western customers, and carved them with precision, forming novel, vivid, exquisite and delicate wide-carved works of art, which have become tributes to the court. The Palace Museum has collections, representing The characters include Chen Zuzhang, Weng Zhao, Weng Rongbiao, Li Dingning and so on.

Guangcai is a unique on-glaze colored porcelain handicraft in Guangzhou with a history of more than 300 years. As an export porcelain, Guangcai enjoyed a high international reputation in the Qing Dynasty.

Guang embroidery is one of the four famous embroidery in China. It has a history of more than a thousand years. It became a tribute to the court in the Tang Dynasty and became famous overseas in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Museums have collections, and the Palace Museum also has many excellent works of Guangxiu.

7. Construction

The Wok-ear House is a typical representative of traditional Lingnan dwellings. It is named after the two wind-shielding walls built on both sides of the house like wok-ears. The wok-ear house symbolizes the two ears of the official hat, which means “doing the best”.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, villages with high officials or famous squires were generally able to use them. Later, as long as the villagers made a fortune, they would build a wok-ear house to show their wealth and style.

The existing wok-er buildings in Guangzhou include Nylon Guild Hall, Lujiang Academy, Lingnan Impression Garden, Shawan Ancient Town, Senior Minister Temple, Langtou Ancient Village, Huangpu Ancient Port Ancient Village, Kengbei Ancient Village, etc.

Xiguan Mansion is a traditional folk residence in Guangzhou with Lingnan characteristics built by wealthy wealthy businessmen in the west of Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty in the area of ​​”Xiguanjiao” (now Liwan District). Longjin Road West, Shangxiajiu Road and other places.

From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China, there were also European-style buildings such as Dongshan Houses, Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral, Shamian Concession, and arcade buildings introduced from British colonies such as Singapore and Hong Kong.

8. Garden

From the 18th to the early 19th century, large-scale and magnificent private gardens built by thirteen merchants in the Haizhu District and Xiguan area of ​​Guangzhou appeared, including many famous gardens including Panjia Garden, Wujia Garden and Haishan Xianguan. , known as the “Traveler’s Garden”.

They are not only the pinnacle of Lingnan gardens, but also triggered the imitation of “Chinese-style” gardens in European countries during the Qing Dynasty. The existing Qing Dynasty classical Lingnan garden in Guangzhou has Yuyin Shanfang, which is one of the four major gardens in Lingnan.

9. Folklore

Guangzhou Yingchun Flower Market existed in the Southern Han Dynasty. By the middle of the 19th century, the flower market was scheduled to be held a few days before New Year’s Eve. , Many cities in the Pearl River Delta have this custom.

Guangzhou folk customs also include floating color, lion awakening, dragon and lion, fish dance, unicorn dance in yellow pavilion, water color of city bridge, fish lantern, begging for cleverness, phoenix dance, octave gong and drum, wooden fish book, dragon boat, Beidi birthday, lettuce fair, Polo’s Birthday, Zheng Xian’s Birthday, Golden Flower’s Birthday, He Xiangu’s Birthday, etc.

10. Religion

Guangzhou has a long religious history. Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity are all available in five major religions. Except for Taoism, which is a local religion in China, the rest are imported from abroad. Buddhism was first introduced to Guangzhou (255 years), followed by Taoism (306 years), Islam was introduced in the early Tang Dynasty, Catholicism and Christianity were introduced to Guangzhou in the late Ming and early Qing respectively.

Guangzhou has a profound religious and cultural heritage. By the end of 2014, there were 81 places for religious activities registered and opened in Guangzhou according to law, with 1.18 million religious believers. Nearly 10 key temples and churches of the five major religions are distributed on the old central axis of Guangzhou.

11. Diet

Guangzhou is one of the top ten food capitals in China, and the folks have the reputation of “eating in Guangzhou”. Guangzhou Cuisine is the main body and representative of Cantonese Cuisine.

The taste is mainly clear, fresh, tender, smooth, cool, fragrant and crisp, and the original taste and fresh taste of the raw materials are pursued. It not only meets the climatic characteristics of Guangdong, but also meets the requirements of modern nutrition. It is a scientific food culture.

Famous dishes in Guangzhou include: White Cut Chicken, Roast Goose, Roast Suckling Pig, Braised Suckling Pigeon, Barbecued Pork with Honey Sauce, Baked Lobster in Soup, Steamed Grouper, Boiled Shrimp, Dry Fried Niuhe, Cantonese Morning Tea, etc.

Guangzhou’s special snacks include radish brisket, beef offal, wonton noodles, jidi porridge, boat porridge, bra chee cheong fun, chee cheong fun, lotus leaf rice, bowl cake, chicken cake and so on.

Guangzhou’s catering industry is represented by “four gardens”, namely Dongyuan Restaurant, Nanyuan Restaurant, Xiyuan Restaurant and Beiyuan Restaurant, supplemented by Guangzhou Restaurant, Panxi Restaurant, Lianxianglou, Taotaoju, etc., which have a history of more than 100 years. ‘s old name.

12. Language

Cantonese dialect is one of the important dialects in southern China. Guangzhou dialect in a broad sense, also known as “Cantonese” and “vernacular”, belongs to the Cantonese dialect Cantonese and is the representative dialect of Cantonese. It is popular in the Pearl River Delta, central and northern Guangdong, and southeastern Guangxi. department.

The Guangzhou dialect in the narrow sense refers to Cantonese, specifically the Cantonese spoken in the urban area of ​​Guangzhou. Cantonese dialect is an important cultural feature of the Cantonese people and an important part of Cantonese culture.

Hakka languages ​​are mainly distributed in Zengcheng District, Huadu District, Conghua District, Baiyun District, etc.

13. Famous people (celebrities who lived in Guangzhou or whose deeds were published in Guangzhou and celebrities from Guangzhou)

Business: Wu Bingjian, Pan Zhencheng, Wu Chongyao

Literature: Liang Peilan, Liang Tingnan, Chen Li, Tan Ying, Yang Fu, Qu Dajun, Huang Shizhong, Chen Shaobai, Zhou Rujun

Philosophy: Zhan Ruoshui, Liang Qichao, Kang Youwei

Painting and Calligraphy: Sha Fei, Shang Chengzuo, Gao Jianfu, Gao Qifeng, Chen Shuren

Drama: Thousand Miles, Red Line Girl

Film and television industry: Cai Chusheng, Li Minwei

Music: Xian Xinghai, Ma Sicong

Medical: Bo Jia, Huang Shengsan, Liang Peiji, Huang Zhenlong, Liang Yiwen

Uprising: Huang Xiaoyang, Hong Xiuquan, Hong Rengan, Feng Yunshan, Chen Kai

Revolutionary circles: Hu Hanmin, Tan Pingshan, Li Jishen, Liao Zhongkai, Liu Yongfu, Zhu Zhixin, Chen Jitang, Xu Chongzhi, Pan Dawei, Pan Wenzhi, Sun Yat-sen, He Ziyuan, Huang Xing, Qiu Fengjia

Military: Guan Tianpei, Yan Haochang, Deng Shichang

Political circles: Ren Xiao, Zhao Tuo, Cui Yu, Lin Yunye, Liang Cheng, He Xiangning, Chen Youren, Wu Tingfang, Wu Chaoshu, Liu Jiwen, Sun Ke

Industry: Huang Bingchang, Zhang Zhenxun, Ma Yingbiao, Cai Chang, Pan Shicheng

Science and Technology: Ding Ying, Zou Boqi

Engineering: Lu Yanzhi, Zhan Tianyou

Education: Liang Zongdai, Chen Yinke, Zhang Jingsheng, Xu Guangping, Xu Chongqing, Chen Xujing, Zhong Rongguang

Martial arts world: Huang Feihong, Tieqiaosan, Hong Xiguan

Religious circles: Luo Xiaoquan, Bodhidharma, Master Huineng, Ben Huan, Master Benjue, Master Mingsheng

Fun places in Guangzhou

1. National scenic spots

Level 5A : Baiyun Mountain, Chimelong Tourist Resort, Pearl River Night Tour

Level 4A : Chen Clan Temple, Baomo Garden, Bishuiwan Hot Spring Resort, Shawan Ancient Town, Yuexiu Park, Shamian, Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral, Western Han Dynasty Nanyue King Museum, Nanhai Temple, Guangdong Provincial Museum, Yuanxuan Taoist Temple, Nansha Tianhou Palace, Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs Cemetery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Huangpu Military Academy, Huanghuagang Park, Jiulong Lake Resort, Baishui Village Scenic Spot, Canton Tower, Lianhuashan Tourist Area, Nansha Wetland Park, South China Botanical Garden, Haizhu Lake National Wetland Park, Grandview Plaza, Guangzhou Zoo, Guangdong Science Center, Lingnan Impression Park, Huadu Stone Mineral Park, Furongzhang Scenic Area, Million Sunflower Garden, Guangdong Museum of Art, Shennong Thatched Cottage, Beijing Road Cultural Tourism Zone

Level 3A : Former Residence of Hong Xiuquan, He Xiangu Scenic Spot in Zengcheng, Cemetery of the 19th Route Army Songhu Anti-Japanese Soldiers, Guangzhou Meteorological Satellite Ground Station, Liwan Museum, Langtou Ancient Village, Cantonese Opera Art Museum, Zengcheng Lake Island Tourist Scenic Area, Guangzhou Folk Museum , Pan He Sculpture Art Park, Yuyin Mountain House, Timian Town Hongshan Village Scenic Area, Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station Resort, Huangpu Danshuikeng Scenic Area, Shixiangyuan Memorial Hall, Baoqu Rose World, Guangzhou Conghua Daqiuyuan Farm, Conghua Happy Tianxin Farmhouse, Yongle Green Ecological Farm, Deng Shichang Memorial Hall, Zengcheng Square, Zengcheng Xiaolou Renjia Scenic Area, Zengcheng Dapuwei Beautiful Countryside Scenic Area, Conghua Xitou Tourist Village, China Leather Culture Park

2. Main attractions

1. Human history

Chen Clan Temple, Baomo Garden, Shamian, Lingnan Impression Garden, Nanyue King Museum, Nanyue National Palace Site, Yuexiu Park, Shawan Ancient Town, Huangpu Ancient Port, Guangdong Provincial Museum, Yuyin Mountain House, Thirteen Lines Museum, Cantonese Opera Art Museum, Guangzhou Folk Museum, Litchi Bay, Liwan Museum, Former Residence of Hong Xiuquan, Deng Shichang Memorial Hall, Guangzhou Art Museum, Guangdong Art Museum, Nylon Guild Hall, Wanmu Thatched Cottage, Guangdong Customs Building, Lujiang Academy, Julong Ancient Village, Longtou Ancient Village

2. Religious monuments

Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral, Nanhai Temple, Guangzhou Giant Buddha Temple, Guangxiao Temple, Wuxian Temple, Sanyuan Temple, Liurong Temple, Hualin Temple, Yuanxuan Taoist Temple, Nansha Tianhou Temple, Renwei Temple, Guangzhou City God Temple, Haizhuang Temple , Huaisheng Temple, Wong Tai Sin Temple

3. Revolutionary history

Huangpu Military Academy, Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs Cemetery, Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs Cemetery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Grand Marshal Sun Yat-sen’s Mansion, the former site of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the former site of the Anti-British Struggle in Sanyuanli, the former site of the Peasant Movement Workshop, the former site of the Guangzhou Commune, 19th Route Army Songhu Anti-Japanese War Cemetery

4. Natural scenery

Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station Resort, Nansha Wetland Park, Baishui Village Scenic Area, Bishuiwan Hot Spring Resort, Haizhu Lake National Wetland Park, Jiulong Lake Resort, Furongzhang Scenic Area, Shimen National Forest Park, Liuxi River National Park Forest Park, Lianhuashan Tourist Area, Tianlu Lake Forest Park, Huangpu Danshuikeng Scenic Area, Qixinggang Ancient Coast Site Science Park, Xiangxue Park

5. Theme Parks

Chimelong Tourist Resort, Huadu Stone Mineral Garden, Guangdong Science Center, Guangzhou Zoo, South China Botanical Garden, Million Sunflower Garden, Baoqu Rose World