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What is the king of Gems?
A diamond is a polished diamond, a natural mineral that is the original stone of a diamond. Simply put, diamond is a simple crystal composed of carbon elements formed under high pressure and high temperature conditions in the deep earth. Beautiful and rare, diamonds are a symbol of love and fidelity, representing eternal love.
The national stone is one of the important image signs and symbols of a country or nation, and the national stone of the Netherlands is officially the king of diamonds.
Physical properties
Diamonds are the hardest of all natural minerals, and they are also quite brittle, and will shatter when hit hard. The name of the diamond is derived from the ancient Greek Adamant, which means hard and inviolable substance, and is recognized as the king of gems.
Chemical composition
The chemical composition of diamonds is carbon, which is the only single element in gemstones and belongs to the equiaxed crystal system. It often contains 0.05%-0.2% impurity elements, the most important of which are N and B, and their existence is related to the type and nature of diamonds. The crystal forms are mostly octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron and their aggregates. Pure diamonds are colorless and transparent, showing different colors due to the mixing of trace elements.
Formation principle
Diamond is a product made by diamond finishing. Diamond is the hardest and simplest gemstone in the world. It is a natural crystal composed of carbon and has a cubic structure. Its composition is basically the same as that of our common coal, pencil lead and sugar. At higher temperature and pressure, carbon crystallizes to form graphite (black), and at high temperature, extremely high pressure and reducing environment (usually it is An oxygen-deficient environment) crystallizes into precious diamonds (colorless).
Origin distribution
Diamonds are produced all over the world, and more than 30 countries have diamond resources, with an annual output of about 100 million carats. The top five countries by production are Australia, Zaire, Botswana, Russia, and South Africa. The diamond production of these five countries accounts for about 90% of the world’s diamond production.
Other diamond producing countries are Congo (Kinshasa), Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, Angola, Central Africa, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Indonesia, India, China, Canada, etc. .
The world’s major diamond cutting centers are: Antwerp, Belgium, Tel Aviv, Israel, New York, USA, Mumbai, India, and Bangkok, Thailand. Antwerp is known as the “Diamond Capital of the World”. About half of the world’s diamond transactions are completed here. “Antwerp Cut” is synonymous with perfect cut.
Identification standard
There are four main dimensions to measure the quality of a diamond’s rarity, namely weight (CARAT), clarity (CLARITY), color (COLOUR) and cut (CUT), which is commonly referred to as the “4C standard”. This standard was established by GIA (Gemological Institute of America) and is currently the most mainstream diamond evaluation standard in the world including China.
A measure of a diamond’s beauty attributes is called beauty. The beauty of a diamond depends on Light Performance. The light effect of a diamond is identified by three indicators, Brilliance (white light), Fire (colored light) and Sparkle (scintillation). The higher a diamond’s brilliance, fire, and sparkle are rated, the more beautiful and radiant the diamond is.
Diamonds are identified by an internationally recognized gemologist and issue an independent third-party opinion, based on the 4Cs, which in turn determine the diamond price.
