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Stomach Cancer

Stomach Cancer ( Gastric Cancer / Stomach Cancer)

Stomach cancer is cancer caused by mutated cells lining the stomach. and abnormal division which can occur anywhere in the stomach

Symptom

The symptoms of gastric cancer patients depend on the stage of the disease. Most early-stage patients are asymptomatic. or any specific symptoms In some cases, there may be symptoms similar to patients with gastritis or stomach ulcers, such as abdominal pain, abdominal pain in the epigastric region, flatulence, or eating and feeling full quickly. but if the lesion is larger Or the onset of the disease progression, patients may have more severe symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding causing vomiting blood. or defecation is black like Yamatoi Signs of significant weight loss or have obstructive symptoms of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as severe nausea and vomiting

Disease causes and risk factors

Stomach cancer is caused by abnormal cell division. This may be caused by triggering factors such as bacterial infection in the stomach. chronic inflammation of the stomach, etc.

The risk factors for stomach cancer may include:

Prolonged gastritis

• H pylori infection (Helicobacter pylori), a type of bacteria that enters the body and lives in the stomach. inflamed stomach lining and stomach ulcers including increasing the risk of stomach cancer
• Patients who have had gastric bypass surgery
• Behavioral and environmental factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, being overweight or overweight Consuming certain foods, such as salty foods or foods containing N-nitroso compounds
• Certain chronic diseases, such as chronic and severe anemia (pernicious anemia), are associated with chronic gastritis.

When should I see a doctor?

Consult your doctor if you have any of the above symptoms. Especially when gastritis-like symptoms that are unresponsive to drug treatment for a period of 2-3 weeks or are found to have risk factors such as having a family member with stomach cancer. If your doctor finds a risk or symptoms suggesting stomach cancer may occur. Your doctor will perform detailed diagnostic tests. or may refer the patient to a medical professional

Diagnosis

Upper Endoscopy

It is the primary tool for diagnosing stomach cancer. The doctor will insert a small endoscope through the mouth. straight to the stomach and take a biopsy sample from the suspected area for further pathological examination. In addition, the advanced imaging technology in today’s gastrointestinal endoscopy makes it possible to diagnose early gastric cancer more quickly.

The doctor may make a diagnosis to assess the stage of the disease. Based on the following tests

Imaging tests. Your doctor may assess the stage of the disease using a CT scan and PET scan.
survey surgery Your doctor may recommend a survey to check if the cancer has spread to other areas of your body. This survey uses a small incision in the abdomen through a small incision.

stage of stomach cancer

Stages of gastric cancer are classified according to the location and spread of the cancer cells.

• Stage I Gastric cancer Stage I is a stage in which cancer cells are confined to the inner epithelium. or has spread to a small number of lymph nodes
• Stage II Gastric cancer Stage II is cancer that has spread from the inner epithelium to the muscular layer of the stomach wall. or spread to a wider range of lymph nodes
• Stage 3, if the cancer has spread to the deepest muscle layer or spread to the lymph nodes in a wide area will be assessed for stage 3 cancer
• Stage IV Stomach cancer Stage IV stomach cancer occurs when the cancer has invaded or spread to distant parts of the stomach.

Treatment Method

Treatment for gastric cancer depends on the stage and condition of the disease in each patient. The treatment may consist of the following methods:

Surgery

Doctors often recommend gastric bypass surgery to limit and control the cancer from spreading to other areas of the body. This surgery will be considered according to the conditions of each patient. Some parts of the stomach may also be cut off. Methods for gastric bypass surgery are as follows.

Endoscopy to cut the epithelium of the stomach

In early-stage gastric cancer where cancer has not spread to the deeper layers of the stomach wall and other organs. The cancerous part of the skin can be removed through a gastroscope alone. without having to perform abdominal surgery

Subtotal gastrectomy

This surgery involves removing cancer. Your doctor may also remove part of your stomach and some surrounding tissue. with the patient still having a stomach remaining

Total gastrectomy surgery

The entire stomach and some surrounding tissues were excised. The doctor will connect the esophagus to the small intestine. to function for digestion and absorption of food instead of the cut stomach

Lymph nodes removal to explore cancer beaches

The lymph nodes in the abdominal region will be dissected. This is because the lymph nodes are the area that receives the spread of cancer cells. The doctor will take a sample of the removed lymph node for analysis to look for cancer cells.

Surgery to control symptoms

to prevent and slow the growth of more severe cancers or to treat complications caused by the disease. Such methods are done to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. and only help the patient feel more comfortable It’s not the removal of cancer cells.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is the removal of cancer cells using a high-energy beam. The radiation is divided into two types:

Adjuvant Radiation Doctors use adjuvant radiation to remove cancerous cells in the stomach or esophagus following surgery.

Neoadjuvant Radiation Doctors often use Neoadjuvant radiation or is to give radiation before surgery to make the tumor smaller and easy to operate

Radiation can cause side effects such as diarrhea, indigestion, and nausea and vomiting. Patients receiving radiation therapy in the esophagus area may have difficulty swallowing. The doctor may insert a feeding tube during the treatment period. Until the esophagus is healed and functioning normally, your doctor may also combine radiation therapy with chemotherapy to help promote surgery.

Chemotherapy

Your doctor may choose chemotherapy to remove cancer cells. that spread to other areas By categorizing chemotherapy into 2 types according to the purpose of treatment.

Adjuvant chemotherapy aims to remove any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is chemotherapy before surgery to help make the tumor smaller and easier to remove.
In addition to the removal of cancer cells, Your doctor may also use chemotherapy to relieve the symptoms of stomach cancer.

Targeted cancer drug therapy 

Targeted cancer drug therapy It targets a protein on the surface of cancer cells called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) that is found in some gastric cancer cells. This form of treatment only destroys cells that have receptors for these proteins, mostly cancer cells. and will maintain normal cells The receptors for this protein are responsible for helping breast cancer cells grow and survive. Targeted cancer drug therapies directly interfere with the receptor mechanism for this protein.

There are also targeted cancer drug treatments. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR) is a drug that targets VEGFR, a protein that helps gastric cancer divide and grows.

Immunotherapy Treatment 

Immunotherapy helps the patient’s immune system fight cancer cells. When cancer cells appear in the body The immune system that destroys cancer cells may not be able to fight cancer cells. This is due to interference from proteins produced by cancer cells. The way immunotherapy works is to intervene during the process. and stimulate the immune system to fight back against cancer cells.