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Introduction to Ningbo, in Zhejiang

Introduction to Ningbo, in Zhejiang

Ningbo, referred to as “Ningbo” for short, is a sub-provincial city under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Province and a city under separate state planning.

Ningbo is located on the southeastern coast of China, in the middle of the mainland coastline, the southern wing of the Yangtze River Delta, and the Zhoushan Islands in the east as a natural barrier. Ningbo is a typical Jiangnan water town and seaport city. port.

Ningbo Zhoushan Port ranks first in the world in terms of annual cargo throughput and top three in the world in terms of container volume. It is a multi-functional and comprehensive modern deep-water port integrating inland river ports, estuary ports and seaports.

Ningbo is a national historical and cultural city. In the Xia Dynasty more than 2000 BC, Ningbo was named “Yin”. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the territory of Yueguo. In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to the three counties of Yin, Yan and Juzhang County in Kuaiji County. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called Mingzhou.

In the first year of Changqing in the Tang Dynasty (821), the state government of Mingzhou was moved to Sanjiangkou, and the inner city was built, marking the beginning of Ningbo’s construction. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1381), it took the meaning of “Hai Ding Ze Boning” and renamed it Ningbo.

Ningbo History and Culture

1. Dialect

Ningbo dialect is a dialect of Wu language, which belongs to the small piece of Yongjiang River in Taihu Lake of Wu language.

Ningbo dialect has 29 initials and is fully voiced. Ningbo dialect has 50 finals, which have the rhythm of entering the sound. Ningbo dialect has 7 tones, Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng, Yinqu, Yangqu, Yin entering, and Yang entering.

Ningbo dialect retains a lot of medieval sounds, and with the help of classical reference books such as “Guangyun” and “Yu Pian”, you can find their most original writing methods. Of course, these words are often very obscure and difficult to recognize, and it is generally impossible for non-professionals to read and read them accurately. However, if you look at a dialect from the perspective of word meaning, you will find that its three-syllable, four-syllable slang, common sayings, metaphors, dialect idioms, and more syllable phrases and proverbs are not only readable, but also very exciting and vivid. It is the most lively and vital factor in Ningbo dialect.

Linguistic features such as onomatopoeia, onomatopoeia, inversion, onomatopoeia and many folk proverbs with local characteristics in Ningbo dialect bring rare interest. Since the opening of the “Five Ports Trade”, Western culture has spread eastward, and imported products have increasingly entered the field of public life. In the old days, the West was called Western, so many nouns were prefixed with “foreign”, which became a language phenomenon in a specific historical period.

2. the school

Siming School: During the Chunxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Mingzhou scholars Yang Jian, Yuan Xie, Shen Huan and others, known as the “Fourth Mr. Chunxi”, studied and learned from Lu Jiuyuan’s “heart” as the source of all things in the universe. One’s “Xinxue” is the main style, and it is a school style formed by integrating Zhuzi’s various theories of Neo-Confucianism.

Yaojiang School: Its founder was Wang Shouren (alias Yangming) from Yuyao, a philosopher, writer, military strategist and statesman of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Shouren inherited and carried forward Lu Jiuyuan’s philosophy of mind in the Southern Song Dynasty, and put forward philosophical thoughts such as “there is nothing outside the mind”, “to conscience”, “the unity of knowledge and action”, which is the culmination of ancient Chinese subjective idealism, known as “Wang Xue” in history. Its main heirs are Qian Dehong, Shen Guomo, Shi Xiaoxian and so on.

Zhedong School: Its founder was Huang Zongxi from Yuyao, an Enlightenment thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Huang Zongxi publicly exposed and criticized the autocratic monarchy in politics, referring to it as the source of the evil that “makes the world restless”, and advocated civil rights. Economically, it proposes that “business is the foundation”, and academically advocates “practice in the world”. In addition to philosophy and history, he also studied astronomy, geography, mathematics, literature, art, religion, etc., and was the most influential school in the Qing Dynasty. Its representatives include Wan Sida, Wan Sitong, Quan Zuwang and so on.

3. Quyi

The main folk arts in Ningbo include Yong Opera, Yao Opera, Ninghai Ping Diao, Siming Nan Ci, Ningbo Walking Book and so on.

4. Diet

Ningbo cuisine is famous both inside and outside of the country for its seafood. It is known for its steamed, grilled and stewed seafood. It is unique, light in form, heavy on real flavor, fresh and salty, and delicious. Ningbo people nickname it “xiafan”.

Most of the cooking and production are steamed and stewed, with special attention to heat and knife skills, and great attention to color, aroma and taste. The top ten famous dishes in Ningbo are soft-shelled turtle with rock sugar, grilled river eel with deboned pot, small square grilled with moss and vegetables, large yellow croaker with pickled vegetables, yellow croaker wrapped in bean curd, foie gras wrapped in net oil, steamed meat with lotus leaf powder, yellow croaker and sea cucumber soup, whole yellow croaker with color glutinous rice, Fried eel back. Especially the soft-shelled turtle with rock sugar and the pan-roasted river eel are the most famous traditional dishes in Ningbo.

In addition, various after-dinner snacks are also unique. Ningbo’s top ten famous dishes: lard soup dumplings, dragon and phoenix golden dumplings, crystal oil buns, bean paste rice, lard foreign crispy pieces, three silk feast noodles, fresh pork dumplings, shao mai, fresh pork wontons, and wine dumplings. Among them, Ningbo lard dumpling is a famous snack in China.

Other delicacies include Qiuai pickles, Ningbo glutinous rice balls, Xikou thousand layer cakes, fruit bayberry, Xiangshan seafood, Fenghua taro head, Fenghua peach, rice cake, Shangtian strawberry, bayberry, Sanbei bean crisp candy, Hemudu water bamboo and so on.

5. Folklore

Ningbo, which is located in eastern Zhejiang, has formed a unique custom in the superior natural environment under the long-term influence of the Yue culture.

1. Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16: Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on August 15 of the lunar calendar in all parts of China, but in Ningbo, the Mid-Autumn Festival is held on the 16th.

2. Lion dance: It is more popular in the area of ​​Ninghai County, Ningbo City. Generally, on the first lunar month of the Xia calendar or Buddhist festivals, dozens of farmers form a team to go to each village to perform lion dances in turn to show respect for ancestors, welcome gods, and ward off evil spirits.

3. Dragon boat races: Urban and rural dragon boat races are mainly held in ponds, rivers and lakes. Dragon boats are divided into green dragon, yellow dragon, white dragon, etc.;

4. The story of Liangshan Bozhu Yingtai: Now there are Liang Zhuhe tomb and Liangshan Bo Temple in Xixiang, Ningbo. There is a proverb in Ningbo, “If you want a husband and wife to grow old together, Liangshanbo Temple will arrive as soon as possible”. Now the story of Liang Zhu is spread in various art forms such as film, drama, and folk art, and the scope is very wide, involving and spreading to Europe and the United States. It is called the “Romeo and Juliet” of the East.

5. Eating sweet potato tangguo on the winter solstice: In Ningbo’s traditional customs, sweet potato tangguo is one of the must-eat delicacies on the winter solstice.

“Fan” and “Tuan” have the same pronunciation. In Ningbo people’s understanding, eating sweet potatoes on the winter solstice is to “turn over” all the bad luck of the past year.

Tangguo, similar to gnocchi, but much smaller and without filling. Tangguo is also called Yuanzi, which means “reunion” and “completeness”. There is also a saying in old Ningbo that “eating Tangguo is one year older”.

Ningbo people are used to adding wine when making sweet potato soup. In Ningbo dialect, wine brewing is also called “pulp board”, and “pulp” has the same pronunciation as “zhang” in Ningbo dialect, whichever means “fortune is rising” and “good fortune is rising”.

6. Process

Ningbo traditional craftsmanship is bred in the deep accumulation. Such as bone wood inlay, gold and silver embroidery, mud gold paint, Zhu Jin wood carving, Yong-style furniture, etc., the selection of wood is exquisite, the craftsmanship is exquisite, and the style is unique.

1. Bone wood inlay: traditional craftsmanship. Its history can be traced back to the Sui and Tang Dynasties more than 1,000 years ago. In the Ming Dynasty, bone wood inlay was mainly used for furniture carving. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Ningbo’s bone wood inlay technology was famous for its unique local style and exquisite craftsmanship, and was listed as a “tribute”.

In the production method, it is divided into high embedding, flat embedding and mixed embedding. The high inlay uses ivory, boxwood, bamboo yellow, wax stone, etc. as the raw materials for pattern decoration. After sawing and forming, it is embedded on the wood blank. The flat inlay is made of ivory, bone slices, nuts, wood slices, etc., which are flatly embedded in the wood blank according to the pattern on the drawing and then hooked with a carving knife.

The composition of the mosaic is divided into “Danqing Tu” and “Ancient Style”. The former is similar to the genre paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the latter is similar to Han paintings. Themes, products include beds, tables, chairs, kitchens, etc.

2, Zhu Jin wood carving: traditional craftsmanship. Also known as lacquered wood carving. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the craftsmanship has reached a high level. It is made of cinnabar color on the basis of wood carving products and decorated with gold decorations, making it look resplendent.

Wood carvings are made of high-quality wood such as camphor, basswood, and ginkgo, and are carved according to different objects using techniques such as relief, openwork, and round carving.

Some are exquisitely carved and lifelike, while others are rough. Zhujin wood carvings are mainly used in temples, temples, ancestral halls and other buildings, as well as large furniture such as wooden beds and sedan chairs, and statues of gods.

3, mud gold paint: traditional craftsmanship. The history of Ningbo lacquerware can be traced back to the Hemudu culture 7,000 years ago. The method is to grind the gold leaf into powder and mix it with the lacquer or paint or fill it.

Lacquerware is mainly made of wood, but also bamboo chips and bamboo weaving. The basic colors of lacquerware are vermilion and black. The traditional production methods include sinking flowers that are patterned on the inside of the transparent paint film, flat flowers that are patterned on the surface of the paint film, and floating flowers that are patterned on the surface of the paint film by stacking and inlaying. The craftsmanship is a more representative technique in the traditional craftsmanship of Ningbo lacquerware.

The decoration of lacquerware is mainly gold, and there are techniques such as drawing gold, pasting gold, stacking gold, chasing gold, opening gold, and flat gold.

4. Gold and silver color embroidery: also known as “Antique Color”, it is a fine product in traditional Yong embroidery. Yong embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Suzhou embroidery, Beijing embroidery, Guangdong embroidery and Shu embroidery are known as the six famous embroidery in China. The gold and silver color embroidery is made of silk fabrics of various colors, and is made of gold and silver threads around the color embroidery and flat embroidery patterns.

Antique and opulent. The background color is mainly dark, mainly including deep red, dark blue, dark green, daisy, rust red, brown, etc. The production process can be divided into three categories: net embroidery, gold embroidery, and gold pad embroidery. The themes include dragons and phoenixes, flowers, and birds. Mainly used for embroidered clothes, cushions, tablecloths, bedspreads, soft bags and other daily necessities.

5. Straw mat: In ancient times, it was called Ming mat, also known as Yong mat, commonly known as “mat”. It is woven with white hemp tendons or green hemp as warp threads, which are abundant in the Huanggulin area of ​​Xixiang, Ningbo. Ningbo straw mat is precise in texture, thick and stiff, strong and elastic, soft and smooth, can dissipate heat and cool down, is easy to store, durable, and can be used for bedding, packing, and hanging doors and windows.

6. Straw hats: The straw hats in this area are good at weaving, and the golden silk straw hats woven from the hometown of Cixi Changhe Township are the best. They are as light as clouds, bright as snow, beautiful and practical. After bleaching, dyeing, embroidery and decoration, they can be matched with fashion. , is both a shading utility and a decorative handicraft.

According to the raw materials, there are more than 10 kinds of straw hats, such as golden silk, wheat straw, vitek, salty grass, mat grass, dragon’s beard grass, yellow grass, cockscomb grass, papyrus, daylily leaves, and lefi grass, with a total annual output of 2,000 There are more than 10,000 pieces of straw hats, except for the domestic sales of more than 5 million pieces of straw hats, most of them are exported as semi-finished products.

7. Ningbo Bamboo Weaving: Ningbo is the hometown of bamboo weaving. Siming Mountain is rich in moso bamboo. Historically, various simple and practical baskets, baskets, mats, baskets, cages, etc. have been made of bamboo.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the test baskets and food baskets that were sent to Beijing to take the exam were all made of bamboo. There are dozens of bamboo weaving factories in Yinzhou, Fenghua, and Yuyao. and combine with traditional cans, baskets, boxes and plates to make chicken cans, duck plates, owl boxes, flower pot sets, vases, wastepaper baskets, etc., which are both practical and ornamental, and sell well overseas. .

7. Origin of the place name

Ningbo, derived from “Hai Ding Ze Boning”, referred to as “Ningbo”, has been called this way as early as the Zhou Dynasty. The word “Yong” is a pictogram of an ancient bell. On the borders of Yin and Feng counties, the peaks and peaks of the mountains are very similar to ancient bells, so it is called Yongshan. This river is called Yongjiang, and this area is It is called “Yong”.

8. Cultural heritage

In 2006, Ning Hai Ping Tiao was selected into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, traditional drama category, serial number 9.

In 2010, Ningbo’s “Ningbo Gold and Silver Embroidery” was selected into the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, the category of traditional art projects, serial number 8.

9. Famous People

Since the Southern Song Dynasty, a large number of important officials have appeared in Ningbo. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Shi family of Yin County, which produced three prime ministers, came from Ningbo. In the Ming Dynasty, Fang Xiaoru, a famous minister known as “the seeds of reading in the world”, appeared in Ningbo, as well as four ministers, Shen Yiguan, Zhang Huangyan, Xiong Rulin, Shen Chenquan, and many ministers.

The President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and Taiwan’s sixth “President” Chiang Ching-kuo are all from Ningbo. Among the military and political leaders of the Republic of China are also from Ningbo, including Hu Zongnan and Yu Jishi.

The Ningbo business gang arose in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, represented by Le Xianyang who founded Tongrentang. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Ningbo merchants landed in Shanghai and became an important commercial and social force. Representatives of this period included Li Yeting, the Zhenhai Fang family, Yan Xinhou, Ye Chengzhong, Yu Qiaqing and so on.

Sun Yat-sen once commented: “Every port in our country has Yongren’s cause, that is, European countries also have a lot of Yongshang’s footprints, and their ability is second to none.”

After World War II, the Ningbo business gang moved to Hong Kong, North America and other places. At this time, the representatives were Wang Kuancheng, Bao Yugang, Run Run Shaw, Li Dasan, Cao Guangbiao, Ying Changqi, Zhang Zhongmou, and Zhao Anzhong. Since the 1980s, a number of business celebrities have emerged in Ningbo, including Ding Lei and Zhuang Sihao.

Ningbo celebrities in the cultural and scientific circles include Ming Dynasty philosopher Wang Shouren, Qing Dynasty scholars Huang Zongxi, Wan Sida, Wan Sitong, Quan Zuwang, writer Yao Xie, and calligrapher Mei Tiaoding. During the period of the Republic of China, literati Chen Bui, Lin Handa, writers Rou Shi, Yin Fu, Tang Tao, calligrapher Sha Menghai and Chinese painting master Pan Tianshou appeared in Ningbo.

Contemporary cultural celebrities in Ningbo include drama theorist and cultural scholar Yu Qiuyu, English writer Lu Gusun, Chancellor of Nottingham University Yang Fujia, President of Peking University School of Medicine Han Qide, former President of Chinese Academy of Sciences Lu Yongxiang, modern educator Jiang Menglin, Scientist Weng Wenhao, biologist Tong Dizhou, geneticist Tan Jiazhen, bone scientist Chen Zhongwei, the father of severed hand replantation, Tu Youyou, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Internet writer Annie Baby (Li Jie), etc. . In addition, there are more than 100 academicians of the two academies born in Ningbo and their ancestral home in Ningbo.

Fun places in ningbo

1. Fenghua Xikou

Fenghua Xikou is a AAAAA-level tourist attraction in China. It is based on the hometown of Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo and his son, and is based on the Buddhist culture of Xuedou Mountain and Xuedou Temple, as well as the original address of the two Jiang Jiangs and the town’s antique elegance of the Republic of China. Wuling Gate, Jiang’s Tomb Road, Yutai Salt Shop, Wenchang Pavilion (Kuige Lingxiao), Xiaoyangfang, Jiang’s Fenghao Room, Maha Palace, Wuling Middle School, Yushu Pavilion, Jinjing Pond, Miaogao Terrace, Qianzhang Rock, General Nan, the original site of China Travel Service, Sanyin Lake, Xu Fuyan, Tingxia Lake and the first confined place of General Zhang Xueliang, etc.

2. Hemudu Ruins

The Hemudu site in Yuyao, excavated in 1973, is an important Neolithic site in southern China. The rice residues and hundreds of bone stalks found in it brought the history of rice cultivation in China to 7,000 years ago, corrected the traditional saying that japonica rice was introduced from India and indica rice was introduced from Japan. Rice cultivated in China is from the point of view of indigenous origin.

3, Hokokuji Temple

Baoguo Temple is located in the middle of Lingshan Mountain. It has a history of more than 970 years and is famous for its superb architectural craftsmanship. The existing Daxiong Palace was rebuilt in the sixth year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is the oldest and best preserved wooden structure of the Northern Song Dynasty south of the Yangtze River. It has high historical, artistic and scientific value in the history of Chinese architecture.

The entire structure of the entire hall uses the ingenious connection between the bucket arches and the precise tenon-and-mortise technology. The various components of the building are firmly combined without a single iron nail, supporting the weight scale of the entire hall roof of more than 50 tons.

4. Tianyi Pavilion

Tianyi Pavilion was built in the 40th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. It was presided over by Fan Qin, the right servant of the Ministry of War, who retired at that time. It is the earliest existing private library in China, the oldest existing library in Asia and the earliest three family books in the world. One of the halls.

Due to the large number of books presented by Fan Maozhu, the grandson of Fan Qin VIII, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered to survey and map the style of Tianyi Pavilion’s houses and bookcases, and built the famous “North and South Seven Pavilions” for the collection of “Siku Quanshu”, Tianyi Pavilion since then famous in China.

After the liberation, with the concern of Premier Zhou Enlai and the response of many local bibliophiles, the number of rare and rare books in Tianyi Pavilion has been restored, and the collection of rare and rare books has reached more than 80,000 volumes.

5. Dongqian Lake

Dongqian Lake is 15 kilometers east of Ningbo City. The southeast of the lake is backed by green mountains, and the northwest of the lake is close to the plain. It is a part of the geology of Fujian and Zhejiang. It is a natural lagoon formed by geological movements in ancient times. It was praised by Mr. Guo Moruo as “the scenery of West Lake, the spirit of Taihu Lake”.

Dongqian Lake consists of three parts: Guzi Lake, Meihu Lake and Waihu Lake. It is 8.5 kilometers long from north to south, 6.5 kilometers wide from east to west, and has a circumference of 45 kilometers and an area of ​​22 square kilometers. It is the largest (natural) lake in Zhejiang Province. The freshwater lake is three times the size of Hangzhou West Lake, with an average water depth of 2.2 meters and a total water storage capacity of 33.9 million cubic meters.

6. Moon Lake

Yuehu Lake is located in the southwest of Ningbo. The lake is long and narrow with an area of ​​about 0.2 square kilometers. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Moon Lake and Ten Continents were built. During the Shaoxing years of the Southern Song Dynasty, pavilions and pavilions were widely built, and flowers and trees were planted throughout the four seasons, forming a scenic view of the ten continents on the Moon Lake. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Yuehu Lake has been the academic center of eastern Zhejiang and a place where literati and writers gather. Now it is the most important historical and cultural protection area in Ningbo.

7. Hangzhou Bay National Wetland Park

Hangzhou Bay National Wetland Park covers a total area of ​​43.5 square kilometers. It is one of the eight saltwater wetlands in China. It is located near the Hangzhou Bay Bridge and is a world-class bird watching resort. It is a wetland ecology integrating wetland restoration, wetland research and environmental education. Tourist Area.

Wetlands are rich in types, including vast tidal flats, large reeds, offshore sandbars, and reclaimed wetlands in ponds. Among them, the coastal umdong tidal flats are listed in the list of important wetlands in China.

With a good environment and abundant food, it attracts a large number of migratory birds every year. This is because wetlands are an important transit point for migratory birds to migrate from Siberia to Australia.

8. Ningbo Fangte Oriental painting

Ningbo Fangte Oriental God Painting is located on the south bank of the cross-sea bridge in Hangzhou Bay New District, Ningbo.

Using equipment and technologies such as dark riding, four-sided phantom imaging, and real-life stunt robots, he has designed more than 20 “Nuwa Patching the Sky”, “Eternal Butterfly Love”, “Love on the Great Wall”, “Frightening Journey”, “Shenzhou Tower” and so on. a thematic project.

9. Haipi Island in Hangzhou Bay

Haipi Island in Hangzhou Bay was awarded the title of National AAAA Tourist Scenic Spot in December 2017. The scenic area includes four major sections, namely two theme parks of water and land – Haipi Island Happy World and Water World, Hangzhou Bay Underwater Hot Spring, Hangzhou Bay Underwater Spa hotel.