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French Political System

French Political System

The French Republic (referred to as “France”) is a semi-presidential republic located in Western Europe. Its overseas territories include some areas of South America and the South Pacific. France is the third largest country in Europe and the largest country in Western Europe.

Constitution

The current constitution of the Fifth Republic was adopted by the referendum in September 1958 and took effect on October 4. It is the 16th constitution in French history. Several revisions have been made. The constitution stipulates that the president is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces for a five-year term and is directly elected by the voters.

The President appoints and removes the Prime Minister and approves the ministers nominated by the Prime Minister; presides over Cabinet meetings, the Supreme National Defense Council and the National Defense Council; has the power to dissolve the Parliament, but not twice within a year; can directly submit certain important bills to referendums without the Parliament; During this period, the president had full authority to “take the necessary measures as the situation warrants.”

When the President is unable to perform his duties or is vacant, the President of the Senate shall temporarily assume the presidency.

Parliament

The bicameral system is implemented by the French National Assembly and the French Senate. It has the power to formulate laws, supervise the government, pass budgets, and approve declarations of war.

The National Assembly has a total of 577 members, with a term of five years. It adopts a two-round majority voting system and is directly elected by voters. The current National Assembly was elected in June 2017, with its Speaker François de Rougey.

The Senate has a total of 348 seats, which are indirectly elected by the Electoral College composed of members of the National Assembly and local assemblies at all levels. The current Senate was re-elected in September 2014, the right wing won the majority, and the speaker, Gérard Larcher, belongs to the Republican Party.

Judicial

It is divided into two relatively independent jurisdictional systems, namely the ordinary courts, which are responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases, and the administrative courts, which are responsible for disputes between citizens and government agencies.

There are three types of ordinary courts: 1. Specialized courts (including children’s courts, labor conciliation boards responsible for handling disputes between employers and employees, commercial courts and social insurance courts for disputes between businessmen or commercial companies). 2. Civil Court. 3. Criminal courts (including police courts for minor criminal cases, misdemeanor courts for misdemeanor cases, and felony courts for major criminal cases).

The ordinary court system is further divided into four levels vertically: the court of first instance, the court of first instance, the court of appeal and the court of final appeal. The Court of Final Appeal is the highest judicial body and handles appeals against judgments handed down by 35 courts of appeal. Dean Guy KANIVET.

The administrative court is the highest administrative litigation organ, with administrative tribunals under it. Administrative courts make final decisions on the legality of administrative decrees and act as advisers to the government in formulating draft laws.

The French prosecutor’s office does not have an independent organizational system, and its functions are exercised by prosecutors at all levels of courts. Although the Prosecutor is stationed in the Court, it functions independently of the Court. The management of prosecutors rests with the Ministry of Justice. The Supreme Court has one chief prosecutor and several prosecutors; the court of appeals has one chief prosecutor and several prosecutors; the court of first instance has one prosecutor, and several acting prosecutors and assistant prosecutors.

Political Party

France implements a multi -party system . The main political parties are: the ruling party of the “Republic Forward” movement (La République En Marche!), the French Communist Party, the Democratic Movement Party, the Alliance of Democracy and Independence, the Front National (FN), the Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, referred to as PS), the Republican Party (Les Républicains, referred to as LR).

Dignitaries

President Emmanuel Macron: Born in Amiens on December 21, 1977, he joined the French Socialist Party at the age of 24. In 2012, he was appointed by the then President Hollande as the Deputy Secretary-General of the Elysee Palace. In 2014, he was appointed by the then Prime Minister Mann Nuel Valls appointed Minister of Economy. He was elected President of France on May 7, 2017, and was officially sworn in on May 14.

Prime Minister Edouard Philippe was born on November 28, 1970 in Rouen, France. He studied at Sciences Po and the French National School of Administration. He has served as a lawyer, deputy mayor of Le Havre, and a member of the city council. He has been mayor of Le Havre since 2010 and was elected to the National Assembly in 2012. On May 15, 2017, he was appointed as Prime Minister of President Macron’s first government, and was re-elected in the government reshuffle on June 19.