156253

What is the official name of the Dutch Republic

The Federal Republic of the Netherlands (Dutch: De Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), also known as the Federal Republic, commonly known as the Dutch Republic in Chinese, was a period from 1581 to 1795 in the Netherlands and northern Belgium (Flemish). Germany) in a country that is also known as the Dutch Golden Age during this period. Its predecessor was the League of Utrecht founded in 1579.

In September 1794, the French army began to invade the Netherlands and the Dutch Republic came to an end. In January 1795, France established a puppet state called the Republic of Batavia on the territory of the Dutch Republic. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the former southern provinces and the Netherlands merged into the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1830, the South became independent from the Netherlands and established the Kingdom of Belgium.

The Interprovincial Republic of the Netherlands refers to the Rhine, the Meuse, the lower Scheldt and the North Sea coast, part of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and northeastern France. Holland (now divided into North Holland and South Holland) was the largest, richest, and most powerful province in the interprovincial republic at the time.

After the death of King Ferdinand of Spain in 1516, his grandson Charles I ascended the throne. Charles, who had inherited the Netherlands from his father (son of the Holy Roman Emperor) in 1506, now claimed the land as King of Spain. From then on the Netherlands became a territory of Spain. After the early sixteenth century, it was ruled by the Spanish Habsburg family.

In 1566, the northern provinces launched a bourgeois revolution against Spanish feudal rule. In 1579, the eight northern provinces and some southern cities established the “Utrecht League”, and in 1581 the “Netherlands Republic” was established. After 1795, it became the Kingdom of the Netherlands under French rule. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the former southern provinces and the Netherlands merged into the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1830, the South became independent from the Netherlands and established the Kingdom of Belgium.

In 1577, uprisings broke out in many cities in the south, a revolutionary regime was established, and the peasant movement surged, causing fear in the reactionary aristocracy and the Catholic Church. They rebelled and compromised with Spain. In early January 1579, they formed the “League of Arras” and declared their allegiance to Philip II.

Ten days later, the northern provinces formed the “Utrecht Alliance”, announcing that they would never split and formulate a common military and foreign policy; soon the southern cities such as Ghent, Bruges, and Antwerp also participated. In 1581, it was announced that Philip II would be deposed and a republic of the provinces was established. After that, there was a long war between the Netherlands and Spain.

William was killed by assassins of Philip II, and the southern city was successively occupied by Spain. In 1588, Spain’s “Invincible Fleet” was defeated by the British at sea, and the country’s national strength was stagnant from then on, and there was no strength to fight against the Netherlands. In 1609, King Philip III had no choice but to conclude a 12-year truce with the Commonwealth of Provinces, in effect recognizing the independence of the Republic. The southern part of the Netherlands was still under Spanish rule. The Dutch province is the most developed, and the inter-provincial republic is also known as the Dutch Republic.

Capitalist artisan workshops began to appear in the Netherlands as early as the fourteenth century and developed rapidly in the sixteenth century. The most important are the handicraft workshops operating in the textile and shipbuilding industries in the two provinces of the Netherlands and Zeeland in the north, and the handicraft workshops in the textile, metallurgy, sugar refining and printing industries in the southern provinces of Flanders and Braben.

Among them, wool and linen textile handicraft workshops are the fastest growing, but the sales of raw materials and products of the southern wool industry mainly rely on the Spanish and British markets. The big bourgeoisie here has close economic ties with Spain and its colonies. Capitalist farms also appeared in the Dutch countryside.