153293

Coscinium Fenestratum (Faise Calumba, Haem Herb)

Herb name: Haem
Other names/local name: ham (General)
Scientific name: Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr.
Scientific: synonym Menispermum fenestratum Gaetn., Coscinium wallichianum Miers, Coscinium blumeanum act. Non Miers ex Hook. F. & Thomson , Coscinium maingayi Pierre, Coscinium usitatum Pierre
Common name: Faise calumba, Ceylon calumba root.
Family: MENISPERMACEAE .

Haem herb (read as ” ham “, ” ham “), scientific name Coscinium fenestratum ( Goetgh .) Colebr. (scientific synonym Coscinium usitatum Pierre) is classified in the family of wormwood ( MENISPERMACEAE ) with overall characteristics similar to with turmeric with scientific name Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. (different species, but in the same family).

In India and the Eastern Countries, The bark is used as an appetite suppressant. By bringing the dried stems to use in many forms, such as the form of infusion (Infusion – prepared by bringing the dried stems, sliced ​​into 5 parts thinly, soaked or brewed in 100 parts of boiling water for about 30 minutes with a dosage size. 15-30 ml), Tincture (prepared powder made from 10 parts dried stems, 100 parts alcohol, fermented with a dosage of approximately 2-4 ml), Concentraled liquor (prepared powder obtained from 50 parts dried stems, and denatured alcohol. 40 parts, then add water to get a total of 100 parts, with a dosage of approximately 2-4 ml) (dry stems).

The Nature of the Marrow

Haem tree or ham tree is classified as a plant in the same family as wormwood. The stems are used as medicinal herbs. It looks like a piece or a straight cylindrical bar called “Coscinium” may be found up to 10 cm in diameter. The outer surface is brownish-yellow. The flesh is yellow. It has no smell but has a bitter taste. This plant was listed in The British Phamaceutical Codex 1991 under the heading Coscinium [1] and has not been cultivated in Thailand. and must be imported from Laos only You can buy it at any herb shop. It is available in both a yellow powder (like turmeric) and an oblique slice approximately 2-3 mm thick. The wood is porous and yellow.

Another information states that There are two species of ham trees: Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr. (Scientific synonym Coscinium usitatum Pierre). This type is a vine. Roots and vines are yellow. leaves are alternate Flowering in a bouquet between the leaves. The flowers are white. Found in the forests of almost every region of Laos. Another species, Fibraurca recisa Pierre , is also a vine. the old vine will be yellow leaves are alternate But the flowers are greenish yellow. Usually blooms from May to August [4] (pictured is the cultivar Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr.).

Homeland

Haem is a plant in the same family as wormwood and turmeric. Native to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia in Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and southern India. They are found in the hill evergreen forests, moist evergreen forests and evergreen forests of such countries. In Thailand, there is no commercial cultivation. but found in deep forests in the north The parts that are used as herbs are mostly imported from Laos and Myanmar.

General Appearance

Haem is classified as a large vine like a Sakan tree.The outer skin is yellowish brown. The wood is yellow, porous. It is odorless, has a bitter taste and has a yellow latex as well. Leaves are single, alternate, ovate or broadly oval. The leaves are about 8-23 cm wide and 11-33 cm long, broad base, spherical or straight cut or heart-shaped, apex tapered. The upper leaf surface is smooth. The midrib and the leaf veins are embedded in the leaf plate (non-convex).

The veins depart from the same place as a palm (palmate). The lower surface of the leaf is densely pubescent, white. Leaves are thick and leathery, petiole 3-16 cm long, 0.8-2.7 cm from the edge of the leaf. Flowers form a bouquet of flowers (rackme), each inflorescence 5-11 cm long, each bouquet. or 2-3 inflorescences; bracts are narrow, 4–5 mm long; florets 6-7 mm in diameter; peduncles 10-30 mm long; male flowers without petioles or short peduncles, about 1 mm., 6 male stamens, female flowers.

It has a sepal similar to that of a male flower, with 3 ovaries, curved oval, 2 mm long. Long hairy, thread-like stamens. The fruit is spherical, brown, yellow or orange and covered with short hairs. 2.5-3 cm in diameter. The rind when mature is hard and about 1 mm thick. The seeds are white, curved.

Hamp Propagation

Hmong can be propagated by seeds and vine cuttings. But most of them are propagated using natural seeds. But in Laos and Burma, some cuttings have been used for planting and cutting. The method of propagation by seed and vine cuttings can be done as well as seed and vine cuttings. of other species or other types of vine cuttings As mentioned in the previous article

Chemical Composition

The results of the study of the chemical composition of the vines of hummus that have been used as herbal medicines were found to be important substances such as berberin, hentriacontane, sitosterol glucoside, oleic acid and palmitic acid, etc.

Format and size how to use

Used to cure fever, cure jaundice, cure dysentery, cure intestinal inflammation, nourish blood, drive menstruation in women. Aids appetite and aids digestion By using the wood or roots to grind with drinking water or to pickle liquor or use the leaves to grind into powder to eat with hot water. Used to cure itchy rashes on the skin. Treatment of purulent wounds using wood and roots ground into a powder, mixed with water, applied to the affected area

Pharmacological studies

hypoglycemic effect The effect of HEM herb in reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic rats and normal rats was studied. It was found that HEM herb at doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg body weight was able to significantly reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. statistics In addition, the herb did not lower the blood sugar level of normal rats. and has no effect on acute hyperglycemia in both diabetic and normal mice. And there are no studies in humans confirming its hypoglycemic effects.

Another study indicated that the stem (wood) of hummus (coscinium tenestratum) was active in opthaimopathy, inflammations, wounds, uicers, skin diseases, abdominal disorders, jaundice, diabetes, tetanus, fever and debilty. Codcinium fanestratum has antimalarial, anti-diarrheal and body aches.

Toxicological Studies

Toxicological studies were conducted in rats when fed with ham extract.with 50% ethanol in doses up to 800 mg/kg no abnormalities were found and the concentration of the extract that killed half of the rats (LD50) when the extract was ingested was 1200 mg/kg. The sub-acute toxicity study was conducted in rats. When fed marrow extracts to rats at doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days, no signs of toxicity and mortality were observed.

Liver enzyme values ​​were unchanged. There was no pathology of the histological structure of the kidneys, heart, lungs and pancreas, but there was a significant increase in the number of vacuoles in hepatocytes. There was an increase in the number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and when fed with a 5 g/kg aqueous extract. It did not cause death to rats and at a dose of 2.5 g/kg/day administered for 90 days, no abnormalities were found. No effect on nervous system and movement But some hematological values ​​have changed from normal values.

As for the data from the Herbal Research Institute, the results of the acute toxicity test in experimental animals have been identified. will cause acute toxicity. affect the nervous system make it difficult to breathe decreased movement and cause the animal to die.

benefits and properties of dry

1. used to treat jaundice
2. as an appetite suppressant
3. aid digestion
4. solve the twist
5. Cure intestinal inflammation
6. help nourish the blood
7. cure menstruation
8. red eye correction
9. cure eye inflammation
10. Helps heal purulent wounds and skin rash

Tips and Cautions

• There is a substance berberine (berberine), which is an important substance. And such substances are cautioned about side effects on the heart. This can cause shortness of breath, so be careful to eat continuously for long periods of time. Because it may be toxic to the blood, liver and heart system.
• Patients with nephrotic syndrome should avoid or should be especially careful when using Kham. Because hummus is high in minerals and potassium, and eating a lot of hummus can result in hepatitis.
• Eating Kham to reduce blood sugar levels. Should be used in the right amount and should not be taken continuously for a long time because it may adversely affect the body. This is because blood sugar levels drop rapidly. and may cause shock It may also adversely affect the liver and kidneys.
• Pregnant women should not eat ham because the textbook of Thai medicine states that Kham has a diuretic effect.

References

Pranom Dejvisitsakul. Pharmacodynamic characteristics of ham. Herbal Research Institute Department of Medical Sciences Ministry of Public Health.11 pages.
Female Pharmacist Churairat Kerddonfaek . “Ham ”. Book of herbal remedies for 150 types of diabetes. Page 176.
Wongsathit Chuasakul. Haem (Haem) and Turmeric Krua. 24th herbal information brochure, 2nd edition. January 2007. Pages 18-21.
Herb ham. Question-answer board. Herbal information office, Faculty of Pharmacy. Mahidol University (online) can be accessed from http://www.medplamt.mahidol.ac.th/user/replg.asp?id=5432 .
Hm. Question-answer board. Herbal information office, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University (online) can be accessed from http://www.medplant.mahidol.ac.th/user/reply.asg?id=5348
Forman LL. Menispermaceae.ln:Smitinand T. Larsen K, eds. Flora of Thailand, Vol. 5 Part 3. Bangkok:The Chutima Press.1991:300-65.
Nguyen MT, Awale S, Tezuka Y, Tran QL. Watanade H, Kadota S. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory of Vietnamese medicinal paints, Bioi Pharm Buli 2004:27(9):1414-21.
Nair GM, Narasimhan S, Shlburaj S, Abraham TK, Antibacterial effects of Coscinium fenestratum. Fitoherapy 2005;76:585-7.
The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department. Flora of Thailand 5,3.1991:334-335.