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The Netherlands was ruled by which dynasty after the Austrian Habsburgs

The Netherlands was ruled by the Austrian Habsburgs until 1648 and then by the Spanish Habsburgs. The Habsburg Dynasty (English: House of Habsburg, 6th century AD – 1918), the most powerful and most extensive royal family in European history, once ruled the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Spain, the Grand Duchy of Austria, the Austrian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Habsburg family is also known as the Austrian family.

The Habsburg dynasty in Spanish history refers to the family that ruled over Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and some of the principalities of Italy and Portugal. The Spanish Habsburg dynasty and the Austrian Habsburg dynasty share the same lineage. Their paternal ancestors come from Alsace, France, while their maternal ancestors are Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. , they are both members of the Trastámara family (House of Trastámara in English, Casa de Trastámara in Spanish). Those who succeeded the Spanish throne after 1700 were all members of the Bourbon family.

In 1556, when Charles V abdicated, the Habsburg dynasty was divided into two. The Austrian territories and the throne of Shinra, inherited from the paternal line, were ceded to his younger brother, Ferdinand I, and the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty was created; it will be inherited from the maternal line. The Spanish throne, Flanders, the Italian territories and the vast American colonies he laid down were left to his son Philip II, and abolished the right of Philip and his descendants to inherit the title of Austria, creating the Spanish Habs Fort Dynasty.

During the reign of Philip II, he built the Escorial Monastery near Madrid, which was also his palace and mausoleum. Here he weaves a dense cobweb of intrigue and intrigue, entangling his entire kingdom, and Philip II generally focuses only on issues related to Spain and Catholicism. He has said that he would rather not be king than rule a heretical country.

When the Calvinist Protestants rebelled in the Netherlands, Philip beheaded the rebel leader and massacred his followers, ruining his reputation and making him a notorious religious maniac and ruthless king. He even arrested his own son Carlos; accused him of betraying the state and propaganda of heresy; and dismissed the Spanish presiding bishop for claiming to admire Erasmus. Philip’s cruelty is vividly expressed in Schiller’s opera “Don Carlos” and Goethe’s “Egmont”.

In the 1660s, Spain, despite its apparent wealth, was actually struggling financially. His industry was slow, wars drained the treasury, and British pirates began raiding Spanish ships carrying much-needed gold from America.

In the 17th century, Spain was ruled by the last three Habsburg kings, and when Philip III succeeded to the throne in 1598, his kingdom included Spain, Portugal, Belgium, the entire contiguous lands of central and southern Italy, and from California to The American Territory of Cape Horn and the Philippines. But he ignored his responsibilities and left the affairs of the state to the Duke of Lemar, who used his power to enrich himself and appointed his cronies to important positions.

After the unification of Spain, the Habsburg royal family gradually penetrated into Portugal. Through intermarriage, the Habsburg blood was mixed into the Portuguese Avis royal family. After Philip II succeeded to the Spanish throne, there was a crisis of succession to the Portuguese throne.

In 1700, the death of King Carlos II of Spain brought an end to the five generations of Habsburg rule in Spain. For the integrity of the Spanish colonial empire, Carlos II passed the throne to his nephew, Philip, Duke of Anjou (Philip V), the grandson of Louis XIV of France from the royal family of Bourbon, rather than his Austrian cousin.

Spanish foreign policy was generally pro-Austria due to its close kinship with the Austrian royal family, and Louis XIV was determined to establish a pro-French regime in Spain. He insisted on abrogating the 1700 Treaty of London with England, Holland and Austria in order for his grandson to inherit the Spanish throne. The Holy Roman Emperor, Carlos’ uncle, Leopold I, launched the War of Spanish Succession against France in 1702 on the grounds that Louis XIV had broken the contract in order to support his son, Archduke Charles, in his bid for the Spanish throne.