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Netherlands Information
Netherlands Information
The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdərˌlɑnt] Nederland; English: Netherlands), commonly known as Holland (English: Holland) or Holland or Wilanda is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It consists of twelve provinces in Western Europe. and three islands in the Caribbean The European part of the Netherlands is bordered north and west by the North Sea. South to Belgium and east to Germany and share a maritime border with Belgium.
Germany and the United Kingdom’s Netherlands were among the first countries in the world to have an elected parliament. and rule with a parliamentary democracy organized into a single state The capital city of the Netherlands as stated in the constitution is Amsterdam, but its government office is located in The Hague. The whole of the Netherlands is often referred to as “Holland”, in strict usage referring to the provinces of North Holland and South Holland only. It is considered incorrect or informal depending on the context. But it is generally accepted when referring to the national football team.
Geography
The Netherlands is a low-lying country with 20% of the land area and 21% of the population living below sea level and 50% of the area being less than one meter above sea level, which is where the name comes from. Countries in Dutch, English and many other European languages. The country’s name means “low land” or “low land country”.
Most of the land below sea level is man-made. This is caused by centuries of extensive and poorly controlled extraction of peat causing the surface to drop several meters. even in flooded areas The peat extraction continues by dredging the area. From the late 16th century, land reclamation began and large polder areas are now preserved with a complex drainage system that includes both flaps. Canals and pumping stations Nearly 17% of the country’s land area is reclaimed.
The vast expanse of the Netherlands is formed by the estuaries of three major European rivers and their tributaries form the Rhine-Mez-Skelda delta. (Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta) Most of the country is plains. except for the hills in the southeast and many low mountains in the central
The terrain is a vast plain. Much of the area was once seawater, so the country is below sea level. Only southeast in the Limburg region. Only the hills can be seen.
Rhine flowing from Germany It is an important river of the country. Since it is a country below sea level, dams have to be built. to prevent the sea from flooding Because the Netherlands is located on the North Sea coast. It has been influenced by warm currents as well. This makes the country’s climate warmer than other European countries. And it rains in spring and autumn up to 700 millimeters per year.
Climate
Winter from December to February
It’s cold but not icy, with average daily temperatures around 3°C (37°F), that is, about freezing (0°C or 32°F) at night and about 6°C (43°F). )
Spring from March to May
It’s a cool season with a slow rise in temperatures. April is still often chilly with maximum temperatures hovering around 10°C (50°F), but this type of weather can persist through the first half. of May In May, the average maximum temperature remains around 17°C (63°F).
Summer from June to August
The temperature is generally good. But the sun doesn’t shine very often. Cool and rainy days are quite frequent, with maximum temperatures below 20°C (68°F).
Autumn from September to November
It is good weather in September, especially in the first half, while later it gets colder, cloudy and rainy with frequent winds.
Time zone
The Netherlands has 2 time zones. The country’s European mainland, including the capital Amsterdam, observe Central European Time (CET) as the standard time. When daylight saving time (DST) comes into effect, Central European Summer Time (CEST) and its Caribbean island dependencies are all in the same time zone: Atlantic Standard Time (AST), which is slower than universal time. Coordinated (UTC) 4 hours
Politics
The Netherlands has been a constitutional monarchy since 1815 and a parliamentary system since 1848, headed by King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. The monarch of the Netherlands is the head of state and is above politics. and is a country that has been open to ideas for a long time From the 18th century, such as the acceptance of the Reformed Church as well as Protestantism to the acceptance of Judaism, the Netherlands also liberalized marijuana for entertainment. Legislation supporting prostitution LGBT rights, euthanasia and abortion
States and Territories
The Netherlands is divided into 12 provinces (provincies) with each province divided into municipalities (gemeenten), totaling more than 355 municipalities, but divided into 21 districts by water management. The district is overseen by a waterschap, which predates the founding of the Netherlands. Beginning in 1196, committees were elected every four years. The provinces of the Netherlands are:
Drenthe (Dutch: Drenthe) is a province located in the northeast of the Netherlands. The capital was in Assen. Drenthe province borders the southern province of Oferissl. in the west borders the province of Friesland to the north, adjacent to the province of Groningen and to the east, next to Germany
Flevoland (Dutch: Flevoland) is a province in the Netherlands. located in the middle of the country It was established as a province on January 1, 1986, when the East and South Pelfopolders districts were merged into one province. in the middle of the country It is the twelfth province in the country with a population of approximately 422,202 people (2019), comprising 6 municipalities, with Lelystad as the provincial capital. and Almere is the largest city. and Flefoland borders the province of Friesland in the north. Northeast Oferissle Province in the west to the Bay of Markermeer and Isselmeer and and adjacent to the province of Gelderland in the southeast
Friesland (Dutch: Friesland) or Frieslon (Western Friesian: Fryslân) is a province located in the north of the Netherlands. There is a main city in Leeuwarden. North to North Sea In the east connects with the provinces of Groningen and the provinces of Drenthe. The south borders the provinces of Oferijssel and the provinces of Flevoland. The west connects with the province of North Holland.
Gelderland (Dutch: Gelderland) is a province in the Netherlands. It is located in the middle-east of the country. It has existed since the Roman Empire. The main city of the province is Arnhem. There are other important cities such as Nijmegen and Apeldoorn that are similar in size. Gelderland is the largest province in the country, with an area of about 5,136 square kilometers with 169 square kilometers of water and a population of 2,084,478 as of November 2019.
Groningen (Dutch: Groningen) is a province located in the northeast of the Netherlands. There is a capital city of the same name, Groningen. The province of Groningen shares its eastern border with the German state of Lower Saxony. The south borders the province of Drenthe. in the west borders the province of Friesland It has a population of 585,881 (2019)[3] and an area of 2960 square kilometers and was formerly part of the Frankish Kingdom. Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic respectively. before becoming part of the present-day Kingdom of the Netherlands. In the 14th century, Groningen was part of the Hanse League. influencing the trade in the Baltic Sea as well.
Limburg (Dutch: Limburg) is the southernmost province of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands. The province of Limburg shares a border in the south and parts in the west with Belgium. with the Mezzang River separating the two countries Some of the western borders border the province of North Brabant. and to the north, adjacent to the province of Gelderland To the east, it borders the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. The capital and largest city of the province is Maastricht.
North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province in the Netherlands. located in the south of the country South to the provinces of Antwerp and the provinces of Limburg of Belgium. North to the Maas River to the east, to the province of Limburg and west to the province of Zeeland
North Holland (English: North Holland) or Noord-Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland) is a province located in the northwest of the Netherlands. It is bordered by the North Sea in the north. and adjacent to the provinces of South Holland and Utrecht in the south.
Overijssel (Dutch: Overijssel, Overissel) is a province in the Netherlands. It is located in the middle-east of the country. The meaning of the name is The “Issel River Area”, a view from the Utrecht Grand Duchy of the Middle Ages. The main city of the province is Zwolle. and the largest city is Enschede.
South Holland (English: South Holland), also known as Züd-Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland) , is a province located on the North Sea coast. the west of the Netherlands The main city of the province is The Hague. and the largest city is Rotterdam. South Holland Province is one of the most densely populated in the world. And is an industrial area with a population of 3,705,625 people[1] (1 November 2019) with an area of 3,419 square kilometers. It is the province with the highest population density in the Netherlands. It is located in the Rhine-Muse-Scalet delta. It is home to the largest port in Europe, the Port of Rotterdam.
Utrecht (English and Dutch: Utrecht, pronounced Utrecht in Dutch) is the smallest province of the Netherlands. located in the middle of the country It is bounded to the north by Lake Emmer. in the east to the province of Gelderland South to the Rhine in the west to the province of South Holland and to the northeast to the province of North Holland As of November 2019, it had a population of 1,353,596[1]. There are also a number of major cities such as Amersfoort, Venendal, Houten, New Wergen, Isselsten and Zest. Utrecht Central Station is also a major train station. with the most users in the Netherlands
Zeeland (Dutch: Zeeland) or Zeeland (English: Zeeland, Zealand) is a province located in the southwest of the Netherlands. It borders on North Brabant in the east and South Holland in the north. Consists of many islands, hence the origin of the province’s name “sea land”, about a third of the area is in the water.
In addition to the 12 provinces, the Netherlands has three Caribbean territories that were part of the Netherlands Antilles before its collapse in 2010 and merged into the Netherlands. Caribbean Netherlands Depends on the Netherlands Each island has a special administrative right (openbare lichamen) and the sub-municipalities in these islands are called. Special municipalities include:
Bonaire (Dutch: Bonaire, pronounced: [boːˈnɛːr(ə)])[3] or Bouneiro (Papimentu: Boneiru, pronounced: [buˈneiru]) is a special type of municipality of the Netherlands[4]. when combining the island with the islands of Aruba and Curaçao It’s called the ABC Islands of the Leeward Antilles. and Bonaire was once part of the Netherlands Antilles. Until the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on October 10, 2010[5], it became a special municipality of the Netherlands.
Saba (Dutch: Saba, pronounced: [ˈsaːbɑ]) is an island in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean. and a special form of municipality (formally referred to as The smallest bureau of politics in the Netherlands. Much of the island itself is made up of Mount Scenery, a potentially active volcano. At 887 meters, the mountain is the highest point in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Sint Eustatius (Dutch: Sint Eustatius, pronounced: [sɪntøsˈtaːt͡siʏs]) , also known by locals as Statia and Stazius (Dutch: Statius). It is a small island in the Caribbean Sea. and a special form of municipality (formally referred to as “Political Bureaus”) of the Netherlands. and St. Eustatius Island, located in the northern part of the Leeward Islands in the West Indies region. In the southeast of the Virgin Islands, nearby is St. Kitts Island to the southeast. and Saba Island is located in the northwest of the island. The main city of St. Eustatius is Oranjestad.
Economic Structure
The economy of the Netherlands. It is the 17th largest in the world by gross domestic product (GDP) by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. GDP per capita was about $48,860 in fiscal 2017/18. The country’s GDP grew by about 4 percent between 1996 and 2000, before falling over the next five years and down. It is growing 3-4 per cent between 2006 and 2007 due to the economic poisoning of the European sovereign debt crisis.
Since the discovery of natural gas in 1959, the Netherlands has drilled and exported since then, with natural gas accounting for 25 percent of the EU’s reserves. It has been a huge revenue-generating resource for the Netherlands for decades. However, the growth of the natural gas industry has also had an impact on other sectors of the economy, known in economics as Dutch disease.
The Netherlands has an open and prosperous economy. It depends on quite a lot on international trade. has a strong industry Low employment and inflation rates high current account balance It is a European transport hub, with Rotterdam being Europe’s largest port. Schiphol International Airport is a large European airport. The country’s major industries are processed food, chemicals, petroleum refining. advanced technology Financial services, entertainment and electronic machinery Agriculture accounts for only 2% of the country’s workforce, but creates a huge surplus for food processing and exports. The Netherlands was also one of 11 countries that introduced the euro on January 1, 2002.
Religion
In 2015, the Dutch National Statistical Office stated that 50.1% declared themselves to be non-religious. The other 43.8 percent are Christians. 23.7 percent Catholic, 15.5 percent Protestant (in the Protestant Church of the Netherlands), and 4.6 percent other religions. The population is Muslim 4.9 percent, and other religions include Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism another 1.1 percent.
The Dutch royal family was Calvinist before converting to the Protestant Church of the Netherlands. in the southern provinces (popularly referring to the southern banks of the Rhine and Mess) such as North Brabant and Limburg. People have followed the Roman Catholic Church since ancient times. This made the Catholic Church still the faith of many people in the south.
Currency
The Dutch guilder (Dutch: gulden) used the symbol ƒ or fl. as the currency used in the Netherlands from the 17th century until 2002, when it replaced it. The Euro Between 1999 and 2002, guilders were the “national subunit” of the euro, but actual payments had to be made in guilders because the euro was not yet available. that But the Netherlands Antilles still use the Dutch Guilder Antilles. (Netherlands Guiana) was replaced by the Suriname dollar.
Ethnicity
The Netherlands is a country where people of many nationalities live as follows:
- Ethnicity Dutch 80.9%
- Ethnicity: German 2.4%
- Ethnicity: Indonesia 2.4%
- Ethnicity Turk 2.2%
- Ethnicity Suriname 2%
- Ethnicity Moroccan 1.9%
- Ethnicity Antilles and Aruba 0.8%
- Other race 7.4 percent
Culture
The Dutch culture is diverse, reflecting regional differences as well as international influences created by centuries of Dutch trading and exploitation spirit. The Netherlands and its people have long played an important role as the center of cultural liberalism and intolerance. The Dutch Golden Age is regarded as its peak.
Language
The official language of the Netherlands is Dutch, which is spoken by most of the country’s population. The northern province of Friesland also accepts Western Frisian as its second official language. Local dialects with roots in Low German are also recognized in regions bordering Germany, such as Twente, Drente and Limburg, and the Dutch are valued in the German language. Learning a foreign language since ancient times, which is also provided for in Dutch law.
Over 90 per cent of the population believe they can speak English and 70 per cent can speak German. For 29 percent of French-speaking people, English is a compulsory language in secondary school programs. And many schools often force them to learn one foreign language from the first two years of middle school.
Transportation
The mobility system in the Netherlands has grown exponentially since the 1950s, with cars now accounting for about half of all transport. This is followed by 25 per cent cycling, 20 per cent walking and 5 per cent public transport. The Netherlands has a network of 139,295 km of roads and 2,758 km of expressways, making it one of the densest road systems in the world.
The most popular public transport is train. The Netherlands has a railway network that is more than 3,013 kilometers long and is quite densely woven together. It connects major cities with more than 400 stations, each with at least 2 trains per hour and an average of 2-4 trains per hour in service. Major service providers in the country There are also international trains connecting Belgium, France, Germany and the UK.
Bicycles are another vehicle that is equally popular in the Netherlands. It is estimated that the Dutch have around 18 million bicycles, or a fraction of one per inhabitant. The Netherlands is also often ranked among the top bike-friendly countries along with Denmark. The Dutch prefer to cycle to work on a regular basis, as there are 35,000 kilometers of separate bicycle paths, and at many points there are traffic lights specially made for bicycles.
The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe. It is located at the mouth of the River Meuse and the Rhine, which connects important cities in many countries including Germany, Belgium, France and Switzerland. The main industries utilizing the port are petroleum and general freight. Ocean ships, river boats, trains, and trucks are constantly coming in to transfer goods.
Amsterdam Schiphol Airport It is located in the southwest of Amsterdam. It is the main airport of the country. It is the third busiest airport in Europe. Supported more than 70 million passengers in 2016
Currently, the Dutch government plans to install more than 200 charging stations for electric vehicles across the country, with ABB and Fastned responsible for this. It plans to install at least one station within a 50 km radius of every main house in the Netherlands.
Water Supply System
According to the Dutch government announcement, it is safe to drink water from public taps and drinking fountains in Amsterdam. The beginning of drinking fountains and faucets was in AD. 1903 During this time, many homes did not have access to safe water. The government is committed to providing safe drinking water. It is now a widespread view that locals drink fresh water directly from the tap. It’s more convenient and refreshing, especially when the temperature rises.
Electrical System
In the Netherlands (Holland), the power plugs and sockets are type C and F. The standard voltage is 230 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz.
Phone System
Netherlands Telephone numbers , country code +31 and 112 are the only emergency numbers in the Netherlands.
Source: Wikipedia Website, Climate Sto Travel
