151499

Pricing Policy

Minimum Price Policy

A minimum pricing policy is a policy that aims to help manufacturers to sell higher products. They are often used in both commodity markets, especially agricultural products, and in the market for inputs such as the labor market. Producer or owner of inputs No influence on pricing And there are some factors that cause them to sell their products at relatively low prices due to the imperfections of the market. If the market mechanism is allowed to operate freely Will result in the equilibrium price being at a relatively low level. Causing injustice in society, the government had to intervene in the market mechanism by setting a minimum price.

That is to say, it is to make the price of a low-priced item higher-priced.

Maximum Price Policy

Higher pricing policies are often used in the case of goods that consumers of all income levels need to purchase, such as infant formula, cane sugar, gasoline, etc.

That is to say, it is to make the price of a high-priced item a lower-priced item. A market is a place where buyers and sellers come together to buy goods and services.

Market in economics

• There is no need to have a place to come and trade.
• There is no need to meet, for example, the futures market. stock market

Delivery and electronic commerce (E-commerce)

There are two main types of markets :

Perfect Competitive Market

Imperfect Competitive Market

Perfectly competitive market

• There are many buyers and sellers in the market.
• Products sold in the market are characterized by all the same Therefore, no buyer and seller can determine the price of the product in the market. Therefore, the buyer and seller in the fully competitive market must accept the price set by the market or known as the Price Taker.
• Manufacturers or sellers can enter and exit the market freely. with profit as an incentive
• There is a free movement of resources to produce goods and services.
• Buyers and sellers are knowledgeable and receive information, especially the price as well

Examples of agricultural products market Stock Market and Foreign Currency (Forex Trading)

“In economics, a perfectly competitive market is an ideal market.”

The market is not perfect

Refers to a market where buyers or sellers have influence in setting prices or trading volumes, more or less. which depends on how imperfect the market will be Imperfect competitive markets can be divided into 3 types:

• Monopoly market
• Oligopoly Market
• Semi-competitive market, semi-malicious (Monopolistic Competition)

A monopoly market is a market in which there is only one producer or seller. The products and services in the market are products that cannot be replaced by any other products, such as the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. Metropolitan Waterworks Authority

bad seller market There are few vendors or manufacturers. Manufacturers in the oligopolistic market often do not want to cooperate with other manufacturers. and taking into account the profits that will be received, Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the operating guidelines of competitors as well.

Examples:

Oil: PTT, Esso, Bangchak

Mobile phone: iPhone, Samsung, Blackberry

Cars: Honda, Toyota, Isuzu

Cement: CPAC TPI

Semi-competitive market, semi-monopoly There are many sellers or manufacturers in the market. But not as much as a completely competitive market. Each manufacturer earns a small market share. therefore cannot influence pricing. The product looks different. This discrepancy may be due to the look or feel of the buyer. where manufacturers or sellers can enter and exit the market freely

Example:

Soap: Lux Parrot Imperial

Toothpaste: Colgate Darlie Glister

Green Tea: Ichitan Oishi

Candy: Hon Couga My Mint

Fish Sauce: Tiparos Octopus Brand