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Introduction to Xiangyang in Hubei City, China

Introduction to Xiangyang, a famous historical and cultural city in Hubei

Xiangyang, referred to as “Xiang” for short, is a national historical and cultural city, an excellent tourist city in China, a central city in the Han River Basin, a central city in the adjacent areas of Hubei, Henan, Chongqing and Shaanxi, and an important member of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

It is located in the northwest of Hubei Province, in the middle reaches of the Han River, between the Qinling Mountains, the Daba Mountains and the Dabie Mountains, with the Nanyang Basin in the north and Jianghan Plain in the south. It is located at 110°45′～113°47′ east longitude and 31°13′～32°38′ north latitude. The city is 157-228 kilometers long from east to west and 109.5-122.8 kilometers wide from north to south. The boundary line is 13,328 kilometers long.

Xiangyang began when Zhou Xuanwang Feng Zhongshanfu (Fan Muzhong) here, has a history of more than 2,800 years, and is the main birthplace of Chu culture, Han culture and Three Kingdoms culture. It has been an important economic and military location in the past dynasties, and it is known as “the first city in China”, “the iron-clad Xiangyang”, and “the battleground for the military”.

Xiangyang History and Culture

1. Cultural heritage

A total of 6 projects in Xiangyang City have been included in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the State Council, and 18 projects have been included in the Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the Provincial People’s Government.

Among them, 1 person was identified by the Ministry of Culture as the representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage project, and 10 were identified as the representative inheritor of the provincial intangible cultural heritage project by the Provincial Department of Culture.

Folk literature “Dark Biography” in Baokang County, Folk Music “Jushui Wuyin” in Baokang and Nanzhang County, Folk Music “Gong and Drum” in Nanzhang County, and Folk Music “Laohekou Silk Strings” in Laohekou City , the folk dance of Yicheng City “Chasing the Elephant”, the folk dance of Nanzhang County “Duangong Dance”, the traditional drama of Yicheng City “Xiangyang Flower Drum Opera”, the folk art of Yicheng City “Yicheng Orchid Tube”, the folk art of Laohekou City “Laohekou Woodblock New Year Pictures”.

Nanzhang County traditional dance (folk dance) stilt flower drums, traditional music (folk music) Nanzhang Yin gongs and drums, Gucheng County traditional music (folk music) Nanhe suite, Shihuakui noodles making skills, Xiangyang District pickles making skills (Xiangyang rutabaga pickled) manufacturing techniques).

2. Jingchu Culture

Xiangyang is the birthplace of Jingchu culture, which gave birth to Song Yu, the founder of Chu Fu, and allusions such as “Xia Liba People”, “Yangchun Baixue”, “Qu Gao and Widow” have been passed down to this day.

The Chuantian Festival, Duangong Dance, Pulling Hook Opera, Suona Wuyin, Baomao Shrinking Wine and other Chu customs and customs are left, and the Western Zhou Dynasty Dengcheng, Yicheng Chu Imperial City, Nanzhang Chuzhai Group, Zaoyang Jiuliandun and other Chu cultural sites.

3. Culture of the Three Kingdoms

From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, in the Three Kingdoms period of nearly a hundred years of wars and turbulent encounters. Liu Bei visited Maolu three times and Zhuge Liang planned the “Longzhong Pair”, and Xiangyang became the source of the formation of the three kingdoms.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the northern war was chaotic, Liu Biao led Jingzhou animal husbandry (AD 190-209), “loving the people and supporting the men, calmly protecting themselves”, and managed Xiangyang to achieve economic prosperity and social stability, and became a peaceful “oasis” in the chaotic times. Thousands of scholars came to Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang, Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Xu Shu, Cui Zhouping and a group of strategic elites, scribes Song Zhong, writer Wang Can, calligrapher Liang Hu, musician Du Kui, etc. A group of outstanding figures gathered in Xiangyang.

The Eastern Jin historian Xi Chichi wrote “The Spring and Autumn of the Han and Jin Dynasties”, “Ji Jiu Ji of Xiangyang”, etc., which had a far-reaching influence on the development of Chinese historiography.

The eminent monk Shi Daoan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty lived in Xiangyang for 15 years. He studied Buddhism, taught scriptures and preached the Dharma, unified Buddhist surnames, established monks’ rules and regulations, pioneered the Chinese monk system, compiled the first Buddhist scripture catalogue in China, and established Indian Buddhism. The foundation of Sinicization has made a significant contribution to the formation of the pattern of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Chinese culture and even the development of the entire Chinese Buddhism, making Xiangyang once the center of Buddhist dissemination in the country.

Xiangyang is the “Hometown of Three Kingdoms Culture in China”, with rich cultural heritage of the Three Kingdoms. 18 of the 86 volumes of “Three Kingdoms” wrote about Xiangyang, and 32 of the 120 chapters of “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” happened in Xiangyang, and there are more than 50 historical sites of the Three Kingdoms. Cultural relics, Sima Jianxian, Sangu thatched cottage, Ma Yue Tanxi, Flooded Seventh Army, scraping bones to cure poison and other stories of the Three Kingdoms that happened in Xiangyang.

4. Hanshui Culture

In ancient times, there was a saying that “Jianghe Huaihan”, the Han River Basin is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. Xiangyang is located in the upper reaches of the Han River, where the east and west meet, and the north and south are connected.

The special geographical location makes Xiangyang a regional economic, political and cultural center in history, and an area with important influence and representativeness in Hanshui culture. It is mainly reflected in the “golden waterway” with a long history of commercial civilization, the most accessible and the busiest. Xiangyang is known as the “South Ship, North Horse, and Seven Provinces”. It is the most important water and land wharf in the Han River Basin, and its commercial civilization has stretched for more than 2,000 years.

In the Han Dynasty, Xiangyang “aided the three states in the south, gathered Kyoto in the north, controlled Longdi in the upper part, and connected the rivers and lakes in the lower part, guided wealth and goods, and moved with or without”; in the Tang Dynasty, Xiangyang “was traveling in and out, moored on the shore, where thousands of sails gathered, and thousands of merchants gathered. “; in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Xiangyang was “connected with merchants, prosperous and prosperous, and customers came like forests”. There were more than 20 commercial halls and more than 30 wharfs, and the business radiated to the upper and lower Yellow River and the north and south of the Yangtze River.

5. Poetry and Fu Culture

The two major sources of Chinese literature, The Book of Songs and Songs of Chu, both originated and converged in the Han River basin. The Goddess of the Han River described in the Book of Songs Han Guang is the earliest and most influential image of the goddess of rivers in the history of Chinese literature.

After thousands of years of circulation, the image of the goddess of Hanshui has become a symbol of the beauty, kindness, intelligence and nobility of thousands of Hanshui daughters, which embodies the people in the Hanshui River basin in different periods and different cultural backgrounds. yearning.

Song Yu and Wang Yi from Xiangyang are the main authors of “Chu Ci”, Song Yu promoted the transformation of Chu Ci to Chu Fu, and Wang Yi compiled “Chu Ci Zhang Ju”.

6. Calligraphy and painting culture

Xiangyang is a “famous city of Chinese calligraphy”. The representative figures in history include Liang Hu and Handan Chun in the Three Kingdoms period, Ding Daohu and Du Shenyan in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Mi Fu, Mi Youren and Zhang Youzheng in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Mi Fushi was called “Mi Xiangyang”, and together with Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, and Cai Xiang, he was called “Four Masters of Song Dynasty”. A copy of the scriptures.

7. Ancient city culture

The predecessor of Xiangyang City was Chubei Jinshu, a large-scale military ferry, and it has been branded with military culture since its establishment. According to historical records, there were 172 famous wars in Xiangyang in history.

Among them, the Yuan-Song war was protracted and lasted for six years, which made the title of “Iron beat Xiangyang” famous at home and abroad. “In terms of the world, it is important to focus on Xiangyang”; “The place where military families must compete is the waist of the world”, which describes the importance of Xiangyang’s military strategic position.

8. Red Culture

During the period of the new democratic revolution, the first party organization and the first regular Red Army in northwest Hubei was born in Xiangyang. Xiao Chunv, an early Chinese revolutionary, went to Xiangyang twice to spread the seeds of revolution. The Battle of Xiangfan, one of the “Five Great Victories”, occupies an important position in the history of China’s revolution and military.

A group of older revolutionaries and theorists such as Cheng Kesheng, Xie Yuanding, Huang Huoqing, Wu Defeng, and Hu Sheng emerged in Xiangyang, and a group of literary artists such as Zhang Guangnian, Chen Huangmei, Liang Bin, and Blu-ray emerged.

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, a group of patriotic literati, such as Li Gongpu, Lao She, Yao Xueyin, Zang Kejia, and Li Keran, came to work in Xiangyang, bringing new prosperity to the culture and art of Xiangyang.

9. Dialect Festivals

To be precise, Xiangyang dialect refers to the sum of the dialects of the counties and cities it belongs to. Linguistically, it belongs to the southwestern Mandarin dialect in the northern part of the Mandarin dialect. Except for Yangping, the tone is quite different from that of the Chengdu-Chongqing dialect, and it is similar to the central plain dialect. .

The southwest is influenced by the Qinba dialect, and the language is “clear and light with a little Qin”, and the language in the northeast is turbid close to the Yu sound. From the perspective of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, Xiangyang dialect is different from Mandarin, but the phonetics are quite different.

Due to the construction period of the third line from the 1960s to the 1970s, the main urban area of ​​Xiangyang and its subordinate counties and cities moved to a large number of people who spoke Wu dialect and Northeast Mandarin. Today, there are still dialect islands of Wu dialect and Northeast Mandarin in the urban area.

At the same time, it has also caused the situation that most residents in the northern urban area and the vicinity of the original third-tier construction unit have very standard Mandarin pronunciation but cannot communicate in the local dialect. Local popular festivals and customs in Xiangyang: Torch Culture Festival, Tug-of-War Festival, Wearing Sky Festival, Zhuge Liang Culture Festival, etc.

10. Film and television works

The movie “Xiangyang” is based on the historical facts of the young Zhuge Liang who lived in seclusion in Xiangyang for 10 years. It started from the love between Zhuge Liang and Huang Yueying, and then described the friendship of the “Hou-Hero Club” of the young dragon and phoenix, and then reproduced the cultural circle of Xiangyang, where talents gather as a whole, to show the meeting of the situation. The turbulent times of Jian’an, revealing the oriental values ​​of hard work and talent.

The film idea was named “Zhuge Liang and Huang Yueying” at that time. After the script was written, the film was renamed “Xiangyang Wolong Out of the Mountain”.

11. Zhuge Liang Cultural Festival

“Xiangyang Zhuge Liang Cultural Tourism Festival”, also known as “Zhuge Liang Cultural Festival”, is a festival cultural activity held in Xiangyang to commemorate Zhuge Liang, an outstanding politician and military strategist in ancient times. It is an important part of “Cultural Xiangyang” with flexible and diverse forms.

12. College Student Film Festival

China Xiangyang College Student Film Festival was founded in 2011. It is sponsored by the Xiangyang Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Xiangyang Municipal People’s Government, and Hubei University of Arts and Sciences.

Xiangyang fun places

1. Famous and special products

Xiangyang Cuisine is a northern dish of Chu Cuisine. It is based on the flavors of Xiangyang and Yunyang (now Shiyan) regions, and absorbs the flavors of Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and Chongqing. It is characterized by pig, beef and mutton as the main raw materials, plus the local specialties of mountain delicacies and game. People in the Bashu and Jingchu areas are naturally addicted to spicy food, and almost all dishes use chili peppers.

Xiangyang cuisine not only has the characteristics of fresh and spicy Chu cuisine, but also maintains its own flavor. The cooking methods are mainly steaming, simmering and deep-frying. Famous dishes in Xiangyang include three-inlaid plate, sandwiched pork, Xiangyang wrapped hoof, braised hoof, sweet and sour cabbage, steamed chatou bream, shredded kimchi tripe, pork bone with sauce, fried pork with sauce, Yicheng pan eel, Yicheng large shrimp etc.

Xiangyang’s snack varieties such as camellia oil, clear soup, rice nest, oil steamed tendon, butter noodles, red oil tofu noodles, Xiangyang hot and sour noodles, physalis noodles, fried sauce noodles, Hu spicy soup, sesame juice noodles, wrapped noodles, fried noodles Paste wave, Xiangyang thin knife, Xiangyang rice wine, King Kong crisp, jade belt cake, etc.

1. Kongming dish

It is rich in amino acids, vitamins, cellulose, iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus and other trace elements needed by the human body. The effect of swelling.

2. Butter noodles

Mainly in breakfast stalls, and small restaurants. Since the noodles have been cooked in advance to 8-9 mature, the serving speed is very fast, and customers do not need to wait. In addition, their taste characteristics are one spicy, two hemp and three fresh; they are often served with Xiangyang rice wine (a milky white low-fermented rice wine).

3. King Kong Crisp

The main raw materials are flour, sugar, sesame oil and a small amount of alkali. After fermentation, it is kneaded into a horseshoe-shaped cake, which is then baked in a special large oven for 4 hours. Its color is browned, crispy, does not stick to teeth, and “crisp and easy to melt” after falling.

2. Scenic spots

1. Gulongzhong

Longzhong, also known as Gulongzhong, is one of the top ten scenic spots in Hubei and the most famous tourist attraction in Xiangyang City, about 20 miles west of Xiangyang City.

In the Ming Dynasty, “Ten Scenes of Longzhong” have been formed. After the founding of New China, it has successively rebuilt many scenic spots such as Longzhong Academy, Zhuge Caolu, Yinxiao Mountain Villa, Tonggutai, Star-Observation Platform, and Chessboard Stone.

2. Zhongxuan Building

Zhongxuan Tower was built to commemorate Wang Can, the head of the “Seven Sons of Jian’an”. The entire Zhongxuan Building is 17 meters high and has a total area of ​​650 square meters. There are 8 plaques including “Zhongxuan Building” inscribed by Shen Peng and other famous artists. There are murals and stone carvings of the Seven Sons of Jian’an in the building. It can be divided into three parts: city wall, city platform and main building.

3. Lady City

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when Zhu Xu, the governor of Liangzhou, was in Xiangyang, the former Qin Fu Pi came to attack, and Mrs. Han, the mother of Xu, visited the city. Seeing that the defense of the city wall in the northwest corner was weak, she led her maids and women in the city to build a new section of the city. It was broken, but thanks to the newly built city wall, Fang defeated the enemy who attacked the city, so this section of the city wall was called Lady City.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the sub-city was expanded here. It is 24.6 meters long and 23.4 meters wide, with a stone plaque engraved on the top, with the three characters “Mrs. City” inscribed, and ancient steles inlaid with several links on the bottom. Among them, the stone stele erected during the Tongzhi period (1862-1874) is engraved with the words “Mrs. The city is the most” and other words.

4. Lumen Temple

It is a key cultural relics protection unit in Hubei Province. Lumen Temple is located in Lumen Mountain, Dongjin Town, about 15 kilometers south of Xiangyang City.

During the Jianwu period, the Hou Xiyu of Xiangyang built a shrine on the mountain. Because there are two stone deer engraved at the entrance of the Shinto, it is commonly known as the Lumen Temple. In the Western Jin Dynasty, it was renamed Wanshou Temple, and in the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Lumen Temple. Pang Degong, a famous person in the late Han Dynasty, Meng Haoran and Pi Rixiu, the great poets of the Tang Dynasty, all lived here.

During the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty (1450-1456), the “Three High Temples” were built here and their statues were dedicated to commemorate them. It was destroyed by fire in the late Ming Dynasty, and has been repeatedly repaired and abandoned since the early Qing Dynasty. Ancient buildings and inscriptions such as stone deer, dragon head fountain, waterfall rain pool, patio and main hall are preserved.

5. Zhaoming Terrace

Zhaoming Terrace, also known as Shannan East Road Building, is located in the center of Xiangyang City, across the southwest of North Street. The platform is built with blue bricks, with a stone arched hole in the middle. The hole is 4.5 meters high and 3.5 meters wide. On the platform, there are 5-bay double-eaved Xieshang-style buildings with a height of about 15 meters. There are 4 horizontal houses in the east and west. One bell tower.

6. The ancient city wall

Xiangyang City Wall is located in Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City. It was originally built in the early Han Dynasty and is slightly square. The city wall has a circumference of 7.6 kilometers, an average height of 8 meters and a width of about 10 meters.