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Myanmar History
Myanmar is a country with a long history and an ancient civilization, formerly known as Hongshawaddy. The history of Myanmar can be traced back to 5,000 years ago. According to archaeological data in French and English, there were human activities in Myanmar in the late Paleolithic period 10,000 years ago.
The history of Myanmar can be traced back to 5,000 years ago. According to archaeological data in French and English, there were human activities in Myanmar in the late Paleolithic period 10,000 years ago. At that time, the villages along the Ayeyarwady River in Myanmar were already inhabited by humans. The division of Burma into “Upper Burma” and “Lower Burma” is a Mangrui style of division.
According to legend, the Pyu entered the upper reaches of the Irrawaddy River in 200 BC and controlled the trade route between China and India. “Han” called Chen Li. The Mon came to the Sittaung River basin two centuries later, and in 849 the Burmese took over the Pyu River basin and established the city of Pagan.
Within the scope of Myanmar, since the 1st century, regional countries have been established successively, with more advanced agricultural production technology, religion and culture, which provided favorable conditions for the rise of the Burmese. In the north, there is the Shan State established by the Shan people. From AD 97 to 131, the Shan State sent envoys to visit the Eastern Han Dynasty in China three times.
After about the 4th century, the Nanzhao and Pyu people who may have migrated south from the Tibetan plateau continued to increase. After the rise of the Pyu Kingdom, it conquered the Shan Kingdom.
From 613 to 718, when the Vicar Rama dynasty ruled the Pyu Kingdom, it was very strong, with 18 vassals, 298 tribes and 9 towns. Its territory extends from Nanzhao to the north (now the border between Dehong, Yunnan, China and Myanmar), to Luchenla to the east (today’s border between Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia), to the west to Dongtianzhu (today’s Assam, eastern India, etc.), to the south. To the sea, it occupies the entire Ayeyarwady River basin.
After forming a unified country in 1044, it experienced three feudal dynasties: Bagan Dynasty, Dongyu Dynasty and Gongbang Dynasty. From 1824 to 1885, the United Kingdom launched three wars of aggression against Burma and occupied Burma. In 1886, the United Kingdom designated Burma as a province of British India.
On January 4, 1948, Burma declared independence from the British Commonwealth and established the Union of Burma. In January 1974, it was renamed the Socialist Republic of the Union of Myanmar. In July 1988, demonstrations broke out across Myanmar due to the worsening economic situation. On September 18 of the same year, the military led by General Su Maung, Minister of Defense, took over the regime, established the “National Law and Order Restoration Committee” (renamed “Myanmar National Peace and Development Committee” in 1997), announced the abolition of the Constitution, dissolved the People’s Assembly and national authority.
On September 23, 1988, the name of the country was changed from “Socialist Republic of the Union of Myanmar” to “The Union of Myanmar”. In May 2008, the new constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was passed, stipulating the implementation of a presidential system.
Buddhism is the state religion of Myanmar. Monks are sheltered by successive Burmese kings and have privileges such as land, justice, and education. They represent a social and political force and are respected by the court and the people of the country. After the British ruled Burma, it was established, abolished the privileges of Buddhist monks, and changed the status of monks. Therefore, Buddhist monks became an early anti-imperialist force. This is another characteristic of the Burmese national liberation movement.
