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Lijiang City in China
Introduction to Lijiang, a famous historical and cultural city in Yunnan
Lijiang, a prefecture-level city in Yunnan Province, is located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, at the junction of the three provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan, and Tibet. It is an important passage for the ancient “Southern Silk Road” and “Tea Horse Road”.
Lijiang City is located at the connection between the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The highest point is the main peak of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, which is generally above 2,000 meters above sea level. It belongs to the low-latitude warm temperate plateau mountain monsoon climate. There are many kinds, and it is one of the key forest areas in Yunnan Province and one of China’s hydropower transmission bases from west to east.
Lijiang is a place where many ethnic groups live together. In addition to the Han people, there are 12 ethnic minorities and 22 kinds of ethnic minorities. Lijiang is a famous tourist city, with the World Cultural Heritage of Lijiang Ancient City, the World Natural Heritage of Three Parallel Rivers, and the Memory of the World Heritage Site. Three World Heritage Sites of Naxi Dongba Ancient Books and Documents.
Rich in tourism resources, there are 104 tourist attractions, including Lijiang Ancient Town, Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Tiger Leaping Gorge, Laojun Mountain, Shuhe Ancient Town, Anaguo and other well-known tourist attractions. It has been successively rated as China’s Top 100 Tourism Competitive Cities, China’s Top 10 Leisure Cities, China’s Excellent Tourism Cities, China’s Top 10 Charming Cities, Yunnan Talent Special Zone, and the Green Pearl on the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
Lijiang History and Culture
1. National culture
1. Naxi people
The Naxi people mainly live in Lijiang, and the Naxi people have their own language. Naxi language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is roughly divided into two dialects, east and west, with the Jinsha River as the boundary, and the dialects cannot communicate with each other.
The Naxi people generally live in dam areas, river valleys and mid-mountains. The civil houses in the dam area are mostly tile houses with civil structure, and the pattern is mostly “three houses and one screen wall”.
The Naxi people are good at singing and dancing, and there are often mass singing and dancing activities in production labor and national festivals. The “Sanduo Festival” is the most solemn traditional festival for the Naxi people in Lijiang every year in early February of the lunar calendar.
2. Mosuo
The Mosuo people belong to the Naxi nationality and mainly live in Ninglang County, Yunnan Province, in the east of the Jinsha River, and Yanyuan and Muli counties in Sichuan.
Mosuo is accustomed to living by the mountains and rivers, and the houses are all made of wood, which is commonly known as “wooden houses” in the local area. The traditional festivals of the Mosuo people include the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Chaoshan Festival, the Ancestor Festival, the Mushen Festival, and the Land Festival, among which the Spring Festival and the Chaoshan Festival are the most solemn.
Mosuo people can sing and dance well, and the more popular one is “Jiaju dance” (commonly known as playing and dancing).
3. Yi people
The Yi people are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces. Most of the counties and cities in Yunnan have the Yi people, especially Chuxiong, Honghe, Laoshan, Wumeng Mountains in northeastern Yunnan and Xiaoliangshan in northwestern Yunnan. . The Yi people have their own language and writing. The language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and there are six dialects. The Yi people in Xiaoliangshan belong to the northern dialect Shizhatu.
The Yi nationality has many festivals, including the Yi Calendar Festival, the 15th Festival, the 8th Festival in February, and the 3rd Festival in March, etc. The Torch Festival is the most solemn.
4. Lisu people
The Lijiang area is the second inhabited area of the Lisu people after Nujiang Prefecture. Most of them live on the hillsides and terraces along the Jinsha River, intertwined with the Han, Bai, Yi, Naxi, Pumi and other ethnic groups, forming large scattered and small settlements. distribution characteristics.
The Lisu people are a branch of the Tibeto-Burman language group. Lisu language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. There are two kinds of Lisu script: one is a phonetic script composed of variant Latin capital letters created at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and the other is a new script based on the Latin alphabet created in 1957 after liberation. “Old Lisu Script” and “New Lisu Script”. The housing is mainly wooden houses.
The Lisu people have oral folk songs and long poems. Every December, the people of Lisu in Huaping and other places hold grand ceremonies to celebrate the “Broad Season” (New Year’s Festival). There are also the Dragon Boat Festival “Mountain Catching Festival” and the Lixia “Holy Water” in Lijiang Township. Festival”.
5. Pumi people
The Pumi people are a unique ethnic group in Yunnan, and they live relatively scattered. Except for some small villages, most of them live together with Naxi, Bai, Tibetan and other ethnic groups. In 1960, it was named the Pumi people. The language of the Pumi people belongs to the Qiang branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
The Pumi people have their own unique culture and art. The most solemn national traditional festival of the Pumi people is the “Wuxi Festival” (New Year’s Day) on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. In addition, there is the “Transfer to the Sea” on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. The “Tasting New Festival” and so on.
2. Special diet
1. Lijiang Baba
Lijiang Baba is divided into two flavors, sweet and salty. The main raw material is fine wheat flour produced in Lijiang. It is kneaded with the clear spring flowing down from the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain to form a dough, smeared with vegetable oil on a marble stone plate, and rolled into pieces. , smear the oil, sprinkle with minced ham or sugar, roll it into a cylindrical shape, press the two ends together and flatten it, wrap sesame, walnut and other seasonings in the middle, and then fry it in a frying pan until it is golden brown.
2. Chickpea jelly
Chickpea is a unique bean in Lijiang. It is produced in Lijiangba and belongs to soybean material. Because its shape is like the eyes of the chicken head, the jelly made of chickpeas is called chickpea jelly. Chickpea jelly is divided into two ways to eat cold and hot. Eat more cold in summer, cut the jelly into pieces and marinate. Eat hot in cold seasons.
3. Butter tea
Lijiang borders the Tibetan area and is a high-altitude area, rich in yak, so butter tea is also a traditional food in Lijiang. Butter tea is extracted from yak milk, the milk residue is removed, and the oil is solidified into cakes. Butter tea is made from ghee, brick tea, walnut kernels, sesame seeds, hemp seeds, eggs and refined salt. Boil the tea water, whip it with a special ghee bucket, and finally make ghee tea.
Butter tea comes in two flavors, sweet and salty. It uses ghee, eggs, salt, hemp seeds, peanuts, walnuts, etc., and then adds the simmered tea water, puts it in a wooden slender tube, and stirs it repeatedly with a wooden stick. Butter Milk Tea. It is the main way of drinking tea for many ethnic groups in Lijiang.
4. Rice enema
Rice enema is called “mabu” in Naxi language. It is made by steaming rice or glutinous rice, mixing it with fresh pig blood, egg white and various spices, then pouring it into the cleaned pig intestines, sealing it and steaming it. It can be fried or steamed into slices, and it can be stored for a long time. It is a traditional Naxi delicacy and a unique way of eating in Lijiang.
Fun places in Lijiang
1. Jade Dragon Snow Mountain
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain is located about 15 kilometers north of Lijiang City, with a length of 35 kilometers from north to south and a width of 25 kilometers from east to west. The snow mountain covers an area of 960 square kilometers and the scenic area is 263 square kilometers. Provincial nature reserves and provincial tourism development zones. There are Glacier Park, Yunshan Ping, Ganhaizi, Yakniuping, Yufeng Temple Wanduo camellia trees and other scenic spots in the area.
2. Laojun Mountain Scenic Spot
Laojun Mountain Scenic Area is located at the junction of three national-level scenic spots, namely Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Three Parallel Rivers, and Cangshan and Erhai Lake. It is an important part of the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Scenic Spot.
This scenic spot is mainly composed of Laojun Mountain Ninety-nine Longtan, Jinsi Factory Jinshan Yuhu, Liming Meile Danxia Landform, Xinzhu Natural Alpine Botanical Garden and other areas (attractions), with a total area of 715 square kilometers.
3. The Old Town of Lijiang
Lijiang Ancient Town is a national historical and cultural city. It was built in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty (late 13th century AD) and is located in the middle of Lijiangba. It is the most complete and Naxi-style ancient town in China. It is located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. With an altitude of 2416 meters, the city covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers. In December 1997, it was included in the “World Cultural Heritage” list by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.
4. Jinsha River
Jinsha River, represented by the breathtaking, majestic and magnificent scenery of Tiger Leaping Gorge, has scenic spots such as “The First Bend of the Yangtze River”, Shigu Town, Baoshan Stone Town and so on.
5. Lugu Lake
Lugu Lake is 2,680 meters above sea level and covers an area of more than 50 square kilometers. The average lake depth is 45 meters, and the deepest point is 93 meters. The lake is clear and blue with a visibility of 12-14 meters. It is one of the deepest freshwater lakes in China.
