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Otitis Media

Otitis Media

Acute otitis media is an infection that occurs in the middle ear. The middle ear is the area behind the eardrum. Otitis media is more common in children than adults.

otitis media

Acute otitis media is an infection that occurs in the middle ear. The middle ear is the area behind the eardrum. Otitis media is more common in children than adults. Treatment for most diseases is usually pain relief. and controlling germs due to ear infections usually resolve on their own. Some people are more prone to ear infections than others. Patients with recurrent middle ear infections are more likely to have hearing problems and other complications.

Inflammation of the ear can cause different symptoms in children and adults. For children, symptoms may include ear pain. pulling or rubbing one’s ears trouble sleeping tantrum Excessive crying Your child may have hearing problems. or problems responding to sound, unsteady, fever of 38°C or more. In addition, symptoms such as Fluid discharge from the ear, headache, or loss of appetite are common symptoms in children. The most common symptoms in adults are earache, fluid leaking from the ear. Or maybe there’s a hearing problem.

When to see a doctor

Parents should make an appointment to see the doctor. If the above symptoms are found for more than 1 day or if the symptoms are occurring in children aged 6 months or less. If the child has severe ear pain Children should be treated immediately. or the child may feel uncomfortable These symptoms may occur especially after a cold. or have an upper respiratory tract infection In addition, if there is a trace of fluid leaking from the ear such as pus. or other liquids Parents should immediately consult a doctor as it may indicate various conditions.

Causes

Bacteria or viruses are common causes of ear infections. Ear infections are often one of the symptoms that can occur after an illness like the common cold, the flu. or allergy These diseases cause nasal congestion. or swelling in the nasal cavity, throat, and Eustachian tubes The Eustachian tube is a small tube that connects the middle ear and the cervical canal.

There are also other conditions that can occur in the middle ear that may be linked to ear infections. There are also infections from other diseases that have similar symptoms and occur in the middle ear area.

Otitis media with effusion is swelling or fluid in the middle ear but not caused by bacteria or viruses. But there may be an abnormality or a blockage in the Eustachian tube.
Acute otitis media with effusion (Cronic otitis media with effusion) is fluid retention in the middle ear. It occurs when a recurrence is not caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Because children are prone to ear infections easily. This is why the disease can recur. If the symptoms are severe may result in hearing problems.
Chronic suppurative otitis media is an ear infection that cannot be treated with conventional treatment. Chronic otitis media can cause a perforated eardrum or a perforated eardrum.

These risk factors may cause ear infections.

• Young children (between 6 months-2 years) – Young children are more prone to ear infections than children of other ages. Because the immunity is still low and still not fully grown. The size and shape of the Eustachian tube is also a contributing factor in ear infections in young children.
• Nurseries – Children who receive group care are more likely to develop colds and ear infections than children at home. Because children in groups are more likely to be exposed to germs and diseases.
• Breastfeeding – Children who are breastfed are less likely to contract infections than those who are bottle-fed.
• Climate Change Diseases – Patients with allergies caused by climate change during winter. There is often a high risk of ear infections. Because this period often has an increase in the amount of pollen.
• Poor air quality – Patients who are more likely to be exposed to tobacco smoke or air pollution. There is usually a high risk of ear infection.
• Alaska Native Heritage – Ear infections are common among Alaska Natives.
• Cleft palate – Children with symptoms of cleft palate often develop ear infections. Due to the musculoskeletal structure of this condition This makes it difficult for the Eustachian tube to drain the liquid.

Diagnosis

It depends on the nature of the symptoms and the examination by a doctor. The doctor will use an otoscope to look at the ears, throat and nasal cavity. The doctor will also listen to the child’s breathing rate with a stethoscope. A stethoscope is a doctor who uses a specialized endoscope to examine the eardrum (pneumatic otoscope) for the diagnosis of ear infections. The device allows the doctor to see the inside of the ear and observe the fluid behind the eardrum. This test is performed by gently blowing air over the eardrum. If the child’s ear is unresponsive or has little response, it means that there is fluid inside the middle ear.

Other testing methods Your

the doctor may recommend additional tests. If the doctor is concerned about the diagnosis or if the child’s infection does not respond to treatment. or if there is another serious condition that lasts a long time and is pre-existing

an examination to assess the function of the middle ear Tympanometry – This is an examination that measures the movement of the eardrum. In typanometry, the doctor places pressure in the ear canal to see the movement of the eardrum. This type of examination allows the doctor to assess the function of the eardrum. This is because indirect pressure measurement is used to measure the middle ear.

• Acoustic reflectometry – This is an indirect measurement of fluid in the middle ear. The examination will help assess the sound that is reflected back from the eardrum. If the doctor finds fluid in the middle ear The eardrum will not be able to reflect sound back. due to increased pressure In normal conditions, the eardrum can absorb almost all sound.
• Tympanocentesis – where the eardrum is punctured by a small tube through the eardrum to suck water out of the middle ear The extracted water is then tested for viruses and bacteria. This method is not very popular. But it’s another option if the child doesn’t have a response to other treatments.

Your doctor may recommend consulting an audiologist. (audiologist) , speech therapist, or developmental stimulator (developmental therapist) for further examination In case of recurrent ear infections or found to have increased water in the middle ear area The doctor will perform an examination to assess various skills. Whether it is listening, speaking, language comprehension or development in various fields.

What does each diagnosis mean?

Acute otitis media is a temporary ear infection. If the doctor finds water in the middle ear and found that the patient had symptoms of infection with symptoms occurring acutely Your doctor may diagnose acute otitis media.

Otitis media with effusion is when a doctor detects fluid in the middle ear. but no other symptoms were found. that shows infection

Chronic suppurative otitis media – when your doctor finds signs of ear inflammation that lasts for a long time leading to a ruptured eardrum. Pus in the ear is often linked to chronic otitis media.

Most ear infections will resolve on their own without antibiotic treatment, so the best treatment for ear infections is for children. will depend on many factors from the age of the child to the severity of the condition

Some ear infections usually resolve on their own in the first few days. Other infections usually resolve on their own in one to two weeks without the need for further treatment. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians, symptom monitoring The wait-and-see approach is another recommended option for children aged 6 to 23 months with mild middle ear pain in one ear. This option is another option that parents should use if their child is in pain for less than 48 hours and has a fever of less than 39 degrees. soreness in one ear or in both ears Symptomatic monitoring is also available if the child has an earache for less than 48 hours and has a fever of less than 39 degrees.

There is also data showing that sometimes antibiotic treatment is helpful in treating certain ear infections in children. Parents should talk to their doctor about the benefits or risks of using antibiotics for treatment. This is because prolonged use of antibiotics may result in bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

Your doctor may recommend the following form of treatment: to help deal with pain caused by ear infections

Your doctor will prescribe painkillers such as acetaminophen. (such as Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin IB), which are over-the-counter pain relievers. These medicines should be taken according to the dosage indicated on the label.
Anesthetic drops are medications that relieve pain. The doctor will prescribe this medication if a hole or tear is not found in the patient’s eardrum.
Your doctor will recommend the use of antibiotics for the treatment of ear infections in the following cases:

• The patient was a child aged 6 months or older with moderate to severe ear pain in one or both ears. with pain lasting more than 48 hours, or the child has a fever of 39°C or greater.
• The patient was a child aged 6 to 23 months and had mild middle ear pain in one or both ears. The pain lasted less than 48 hours and the child had a fever of less than 39 degrees.
• The patient was a child aged 24 months or older with mild middle ear pain in one or both ears. The pain lasted for more than 48 hours and the child had a fever of less than 39 degrees.
• Antibiotics are often used to treat acute otitis media in children younger than 6 months without the need to wait for an evaluation. The drug should be used continuously as prescribed by the doctor strictly. And should not stop using the drug on its own even if symptoms improve. Intermittent use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic resistance. or have the opportunity to relapse Ask and consult your doctor in case you forget to take an antibiotic.

Ear tubes

Your doctor will recommend intra-ear tube therapy to suck fluid out of the middle ear if your doctor finds that it’s not working. The child has repeated symptoms of infection. and for a long time (chronic otitis media – chronic otitis media). This method is used in children diagnosed with otitis media with fluid in the ear. or found that the ear has an increased amount of water Although the infection has been successfully treated

The doctor may recommend that the child undergo eardrum perforation. (myringotomy), which is an outpatient surgery The surgeon will make a small hole in the eardrum. and will suck water out of the middle ear

A small tube, such as a tympanostomy, is used to adjust the pressure between the middle ear canal and the outer air. The tubes can also help prevent the formation of water in the ear. Sometimes a tube is placed in the ear canal for a period of 6 months to a year and eventually comes out on its own. Some tubes are placed in the ear canal for longer periods of time. and can only be removed with surgery The child’s eardrum will be able to heal on its own. After removing the pipe

Treatment guidelines for chronic suppurative otitis media Chronic otitis media
is an ear infection that is difficult to treat. This is because the disease causes a hole or tear in the eardrum. The treatment for most cases is that the doctor prescribes antibiotics in the form of ear drops. for use in the treatment of this disease Your doctor will recommend a method of suctioning out the ear canal before initiating treatment with ear drops.

Monitoring

Talk to your doctor about the frequency of appointments with your doctor for follow-up treatment. Your doctor may recommend regular hearing and language comprehension tests. to help the doctor track the child’s treatment This is especially true if the child has recurrent infections. or there is a constant formation of ear fluid in the middle ear.