156491
The impact of civil war in Syria
The Syrian Civil War (Arabic: الأزمة السورية) refers to the conflict between the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition group and the Islamic State that has continued since the beginning of 2011. Anti-government demonstrations in Syria that began on January 26, 2011 and escalated on March 15, then turned into armed conflict.
The internal conflict in Syria has continued. The United Nations says both the Syrian government forces and the Syrian opposition have committed war crimes including murder, extrajudicial executions, torture and other human rights violations.
Course of war
The Syrian civil war was divided into two phases, bounded by September 2014: from March 2011 to September 2014, the EU and its member states and the United States aimed to support the Syrian opposition and overthrow the Assad government; September 2014 The U.S.-led international coalition (including the European Union) in May took the eradication of the “Islamic State” as its core goal, but did not completely abandon the original goal of removing Assad from power. On February 9, 2020, the Syrian military issued a statement announcing the recovery of more than 600 square kilometers of land in northern Syria’s Idlib and Aleppo provinces.
People’s livelihood loss
According to data from the Syrian Policy Research Center in 2013, the Syrian economy lost a total of 48.4 billion US dollars, which amounted to 81.7% of Syria’s GDP in 2010. According to official statistics in Syria, the loss of public and private construction facilities in various provinces of the country reached 2 trillion Syrian pounds, and the number of damaged families registered with the Syrian Supreme Rescue Committee was 624,000, which is equivalent to 3.3 million people were violated by militants.
Infrastructure such as social services in Syria also suffered huge losses. Since the outbreak of the crisis to 2013, 2,326 schools in Syria have been damaged to varying degrees. Although 300 schools have been repaired, due to security reasons, schools in some provinces and cities are still unable to attend classes normally. Normal school attendance in the northern province of Aleppo is only 11%. In addition to education, social service infrastructure such as hospitals, water supply, power supply, and public health systems have also been severely damaged, and people’s livelihood has suffered heavy losses.
In 2016, the World Bank’s report on the Middle East showed that the Syrian civil war has caused direct economic losses to Syria and its neighboring countries, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt and Turkey to varying degrees, amounting to about 35 billion US dollars. These losses do not include the basic economic and social services provided by Syria’s neighboring countries, such as Lebanon and Jordan, for the influx of refugees. At the same time, the report pointed out that the economic losses of six cities in Syria, including Homs and Aleppo, amounted to 3.6 billion to 4.5 billion US dollars. Lebanon alone costs up to $2.5 billion a year for the influx of Syrian refugees.
In June 2013, at the 37th World Heritage Conference, due to the war in Syria, 6 World Heritage Sites (Damascus, Palmyra, Bosra, Aleppo, Clark Knights Castle and Salah al-Din) Fort) is listed as a World Heritage Site in Danger.
On December 23, 2014, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research collected and analyzed satellite images of 18 areas in Syria, and finally determined that 24 cultural relics and monuments were completely damaged, 104 were severely damaged, 85 were moderately damaged, and 77 were likely to be damaged. damage.
On May 21, 2015, after the extremist organization “Islamic State” occupied Palmyra, archaeologist Khalid al-Assad was beheaded by “Islamic State”. It was bombed by the IS group on the 23rd, and the Temple of Bell was subsequently destroyed. At the same time, the Islamic State and other armed groups raised military funds by smuggling and reselling small cultural relics on the black market. The Islamic State looted and destroyed the ruins of the ancient city of Nimrud, southeast of Mosul, Iraq. According to the Syrian Association for the Protection of Archaeology, 900 ancient sites in Syria have been looted or destroyed, and another 300 ancient sites have been damaged. On January 28, 2018, the Syrian General Administration of Antiquities issued a statement saying that the recent military operations of the Turkish army in the Afrin region of northern Syria damaged many local archaeological sites, including the important monument Ain Dara Temple.
