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Yoichiro Nambu was Nobel Physicist Year 2008
Yoichiro Nambu is Nobel Physicist Year 2008
In spite of the serious injury that required hospitalization in Princeton, USA in 1955, Albert Einstein contemplated the unified field theory. Because of his determination to unify the theory of general relativity and electromagnetism, during the same period, Japanese-American physicist Yoichiro Nambu also attempted to create a unified field theory by synthesizing the weak force theory.
With the theory of electromagnetism, the young physicist’s synthetic work was no less complicated than that of Einstein, with Nambu first seeing Einstein in 1952 at the Institute for Advanced Study. (AS) of Princeton, New Jersey shortly after immigrating from Japan to the US.
From IAS Nambu continued his physics research at the University of Chicago and became interested in the theory of superconductivity, a phenomenon that occurs when matter is cooled to temperatures below -250 degrees Celsius because electric current can flow through it. substances without any electrical resistance and this phenomenon can be explained It was based on Nambu’s “Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking” principle, and this work contributed to Nambu receiving half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Yoichiro Nambu was born on January 18, 1921 in Tokyo, Japan. When he was two years old, there was a severe earthquake. Because of the fear of earthquakes, many people died. Father Kichiro and mother Kimiko decided to evacuate their families to the city of Fukui near Kyoto. and bought a house outside the city
Because Nambu’s father was a teacher Therefore, the house had a large number of books and textbooks for the boys of Nambu to read. When he reached school age, Nambu attended a boarding school in Fukui, a military academy where all students were required to wear garrison uniforms. Practice shooting, marching, and respecting the elders. and if anyone does not show respect (Whether on purpose or not) will be punished by seniors. Therefore, the eyes of all students had to spy on everyone who passed by.
As for the discipline in school, Nambu said that at 4 a.m., everyone had to wake up. and walk 2 kilometers to go to practice self-defense combat And every student has to do everything according to the school. and the elders set The school also emphasized loyalty to the emperor.
But Nambu’s father tried to teach his son Mimi to get lost. And forbidding Nambu from having some friends, Nambu is a child who is repressed, introspective and does not like to make any comments since childhood. Because in a deep sense, Nambu wanted to reject the popular and belief of Japanese society at that time. So it’s very uncomfortable to see the Japanese becoming more and more frantic every day.
In 1937, 16-year-old Nambu entered Tokyo Imperial University, an institution with a very good academic atmosphere. But found that studying thermodynamics, especially about entropy (I don’t know about entropy, causing my thermodynamics exam to fail, so I thought I’d quit studying physics.
But when I read Hideki Yukawa’s research, Bel Prize in Physics, 1949, on the theory of nuclear interactions between elementary particles, such as protons and neutrons, that they arise from the exchange of meson particles. Nambu really liked the idea. So decided to study physics until he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University of Tokyo in 1942.
During that time, Japan was at war with China and won. When there was a war, Japan had to recruit a large number of people as soldiers. Therefore, various courses at the university have been reduced to study time. for students to graduate faster After graduation, Nambu entered the military. and must perform tasks as ordered by the supervisor Makes me feel tired, bored and discouraged because some days have to go to the area to dig trenches and really live in the battlefield
After a year of military service, Nambu was sent to work in a research and development unit for radar transmission techniques. As a result, the project failed. Because while the radar doesn’t “see” the plane, the human naked eye sees it.
Nambu returned to his interest in nuclear force theory after reading Sin-ltiro Tomonaga’s Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) (1965 Nobel Prize in Physics) and Werner Heisenberg’s Quantum Field Theory ( 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics) by which these books arrived in Japan on the Nambu submarine, many modern ideas emerged.
During World War II, Nambu met Chieko and married. but separated The wife lives with her father and mother in Osaka, while Nambu goes on a research trip to Tokyo.
In postwar Japanese society, it was a difficult situation for the Japanese, as accommodation, food and even bathing facilities were scarce and expensive. Nambu had to rent a small room. and lighting candles to read books and news from Time magazine, but chat and write some letters with Ziro Koba, a student of Tomonaga. When doing research, Nambu uses newspaper wrappers as spreadsheets.
In 1949, 28-year-old Nambu got a job at Osaka University and became famous for his work on elementary particle physics. When the idea of the importance and role of symmetry in the theory of interactions was proposed, This shows that when a system is free of symmetry, particles are immediately formed in that system. By comparing it to see that if there are two rice dishes that look exactly the same. (System is symmetrical 2) and there is a dog who eats one dish at a time after the dog has eaten one dish.
The two plates are different, that is. The whole system’s symmetry was broken, but Nambu’s dog wasn’t in the mood for just one dish. But switching back and forth between dogs is what breaks the symmetry of the system. in the same way The time symmetry of the boiled quant system is broken. A boson will be formed.
As a result, Nambu was invited to work at the Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton, New Jersey, with superstars such as Albert Einstein, Kurt Godel. Robert Oppenheimer, Chen Ning Yang, John von Neumann and Edward. Witten works full time, so it’s very exciting. Because they have to live among the geniuses, but Nambu can’t do research with others.
Because when most elite physicists talk to Nambu, many people complain that they can’t hear Nambu talking about them. Edward Witten, the Sting theory guru, pointed out that people don’t understand Nambu because Nambu speaks of knowledge and theories that are not yet available in the ‘Nambu’. at that moment but will have in the future
When working conditions at IAS were unfavorable, Nambu moved to the University of Chicago two years later. In 1957, Nambu presented research that predicted the presence of an omega minus particle, which at the time had not been known. See, so no one believed it (including Richard Feynman, the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics). when this particle was found Its success confirms that Nambu’s concept of Symmetry Breaking plays an important role in all physical interactions.
In 1958, Nambu was appointed professor of physics at the University of Chicago and was naturalized as an American at the age of 49.
Nambu’s work, in addition to Symmetry Breaking, also includes color charge in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) theory, which states that quarks, which are composed of nucleons, have color and color charge. The ark is bound by gluon particles.
These achievements have earned Nambu a number of important awards such as Japan’s Order of Culture in 1978, America’s National Medal of Science in 1982, Germany’s Max Planck Medal in 1985, Wolf. Israel’s Prize in 1994 and half of the Nobel Prize in Physics shared with Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa in 2008.
Nambu passed away in Osaka on July 5, 2015 at the age of 94.
