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China, Russia and Mongolia signed an agreement

On June 7, 1915, the Sino-Russian-Mongolian Treaty was signed in Kyaktu, and China lost its actual right to rule in Outer Mongolia.

According to the Sino-Russian Declaration of 1913 and its annexes, China, Russia, and Mongolia should appoint a representative to contact China, Russia, and Mongolia on the interests of China and Russia. Therefore, on September 8, 1914, the three parties held talks in Kyaktu.

Since September 8, 1914, it was signed and established, which took 9 months. There were 48 official meetings and 40 meetings and negotiations before it ended.

Chinese representative Chen Lu took a group photo with Russian and Mongolian representatives at the Kyaktu Conference

The reason for the delay of the meeting was that there were serious differences between China, Russia and Mongolia, such as Mongolia’s statement that there was no independent matter, the cancellation of the imperial title and the “shared” year title, the railway and postal services in Outer Mongolia, and the Chinese Embassy in Kulun. Issues such as the number of guards for members and their assistant commissioners, judicial proceedings in Outer Mongolia, and Mongolian tax regulations.

Due to the huge gap between the positions of the two sides, China once planned to withdraw the envoy and suspend the talks, but the Chinese government knew that China was unable to recover Outer Mongolia by force, and that the “21” requirements between China and Japan were becoming more and more serious. The Russian-Mongolian Treaty, with 22 articles in total. China has only preserved its suzerainty in name only.