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Introduction to Zhangzhou, China

Introduction to Zhangzhou, a Famous Historical and Cultural City in Fujian

Zhangzhou, a prefecture-level administrative region under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, is one of the cities on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait.

Zhangzhou is located in the “Southern Fujian Golden Triangle”, and the central urban area is Xiangcheng District, Longwen District, Zhangzhou Taiwanese Investment Zone, and Zhangzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone. Hub area, national regional level circulation node city.

Zhangzhou is famous as the “Hometown of Fish, Rice, Flowers and Fruits”. Zhangzhou Plain is the largest plain in Fujian and is known as “Zoulu by the Sea”. City, National Forest City, China’s Excellent Tourism City, National Science and Technology Advanced City, National Garden City, National Double Support Model City, World Edible Mushroom Canned Capital, China Hot Spring City and other titles. There are Dongshan Island, Zhangzhou Binhai Volcano Park, Nanjing Tulou, Yundongyan and other scenic spots in the territory.

Zhangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city. It is one of the birthplaces of southern Fujian culture. As early as 10,000 years ago, ancestors lived here. In 686, Wu Zetian, the only female emperor of China, ordered the establishment of Zhangzhou County, which has a history of more than 1,300 years. In history, celebrities such as Lin Yutang and Huang Daozhou have emerged.

Zhangzhou history and culture

1. Overview

In the second year of Tang Chuigong, the first governor of Zhangzhou, Chen Yuanguang, advocated encouraging farming, trading and benefiting workers, establishing prosperity, and changing customs, spreading advanced production technology in the Central Plains, and changing the original production method of slash-and-burn cultivation of “cultivation without calf” in Zhangzhou. The primitive and backward state has transitioned to the initial prosperity and civilization of the society scene of “three kinds of green plants, Jiahe twice new, slang songs are popular, and wine tastes mellow”.

The establishment of academies also began from then on. “Encyclopedia of China, Education Volume” contains: “Songzhou Academy is located in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, where Tang Chenjue and scholars taught.” During the Song Dynasty, the establishment of academies became a social ethos.

During the reign of Song Shaoxi, Zhu Xi, the prefect of Zhangzhou, he “must lead the officials to go to the state school on the second day of every tenth day to see all students and teach “Primary School”, which is justice; go to the county school for six days, and the same is true. Seaside Zou Lu” reputation.

Zhangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city announced by the State Council (1986). It has a history of 1,326 years since its establishment in 2012. It has profound cultural heritage, diverse folk customs, and many famous people in the past dynasties: Lu Xie, the author of the “Eastern and Western Research” in the Ming Dynasty, and the early Qing Dynasty. Huang Daozhou, a “Talent of the Fujian Sea”, has a household registration in Zhangzhou, and his ancestral home is Chengxiang District, Putian City, Fujian Province. He is well-known at home and abroad, such as modern and modern cultural celebrities, masters Xu Dishan, Yang Sao, and Lin Yutang.

There are puppet shows, Xiang operas, and Teochew operas that are well-known at home and abroad and have performed abroad many times. Folk literature and art are rich and colorful, including brocade songs, bamboo circus, cart drum dance and exquisite paper-cut art. Zhangzhou Sports Base is known as the cradle of the Chinese women’s volleyball team to win the world championship.

2. Cultural relics

Songzhou Academy in the Tang Dynasty was one of the earliest academies in the province; Yundongyan, with 203 literati inscriptions since the Tang Dynasty, ranked second in the province; Dongshan Tongling Guandi Temple, which integrates architectural art, stone carving, gold and wood carving , color porcelain clipping carving, shell carving as a whole, well-known inside and outside the province; Zhaojiabao and Huangdao Zhoutian site in Zhangpu County, Nanshan Temple, a thousand-year-old temple in Xiangcheng District, and more than 2,000 raw earth buildings in the coastal and mountainous areas of Zhangzhou are all rare. acquired historical relics.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Chen Daju peasants revolted Leshi, the Ming and Qing Tiandihui sites, the Longhai Xiaodaohui site, and the Longhai Fortress that sank the destroyer of the Japanese invading army for the first time in the southeast waters during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. In particular, the peaceful riots that fired the first shot of the Fujian armed revolution, Mao Zedong led the Central Red Army East Route Army to conquer Zhangzhou, and the southern Fujian revolutionary base where the red flag could not fall, also left many revolutionary historical relics.

By 1997, Zhangzhou had 4 national key cultural relics protection units, 24 provincial-level cultural relics protection units, 37 municipal-level cultural relics protection units, and 459 county-level cultural relics protection units.

3. Dialects

Zhangzhou dialect is divided into Zhangzhou Hokkien and Chaoshan dialect.

1. Zhangzhou Hokkien, most of the Kaizhang soldiers led by Chen Yuanguang in the Tang Dynasty came from the Central Plains, and they used the Heluo dialect of the Central Plains, also known as Helao dialect; therefore, the descendants of the Central Plains soldiers who guarded Fujian and Guangdong in the early days also called themselves “Helao” .

After they entered Fujian, most of them settled in the areas along the river and the coastal plains of Fujian. Heluo dialect has gradually become the local language in southern Fujian. That is, Hokkien) has become a group sign of the Central Plains going south – those who migrated to Cantonese in the early days were called “Helao dialect” or “Hulao dialect”; Those who were introduced into Southeast Asia and overseas are called “Tangren dialects”.

Tracing the origin, whether it is Hokkien, Helao, Holocau, or Taiwanese or Tang dialects, they are partly inherited from the Central Plains and Heluo dialects.

2. Chaoshan dialect is widely used in Nanjing, Pinghe, Zhao’an, Dongshan and other counties in Zhangzhou.

3. Hakka language, there are many Hakka towns and villages in Nanjing, Pinghe, Yunxiao, Zhao’an and other counties of Zhangzhou, there are more than 100,000 Hakka people, and the Hakka language influenced by Zhangzhou dialect is used, mostly from coastal migration in the Qing Dynasty. After the realm, it was moved from the Tingzhou mansion after the restoration of the realm that began in the late Kangxi Dynasty.

4. Famous People

Zhangzhou has been the first Jinshi and the second in Zhou Kuangwu of Longxi County since the eleventh year of Tang Yuanhe (816), until the Qing Dynasty, Zhangzhou Jinshi and the 977th person, including 3 champions. Chen Chun, a famous Confucianist from Longxi in the Song Dynasty, wrote “The Meaning of Beixi Characters” and “The Complete Collection of Beixi”, which are important works to explain Cheng Zhu’s philosophy.

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Xie, a native of Longxi County, wrote 15 kinds of 696 volumes, among which “East and West Oceans” is an important work on the history of communication between ancient China and the South China Sea, known as “The Chronicle of the Sea”. The “Equation of Crossing the Sea” written by Wu Pu of Zhao’an County was published in the sixteenth year of Jiajing (1537), which was only 7 years later than the first printed waterway book in Europe, “Italian Port Book”.

Wu Kui, also known as Dao Gong, Wu Zhenren, (AD 979-1036), courtesy name Huaji, was in Baijiao Township, Tong’an County, Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Road, Fujian Road in the Northern Song Dynasty (now Baijiao Village, Longhai, Fujian). His ancestral home is Shimen Village, Gande Town, Anxi County, Quanzhou.

Li Guangdi’s “Wuzhen Temple Records” said: “The highest mountain in the Qingxi Mountains in my town is Shimen. Wuzhen people, Shimen people, established temples in the village, and their descendants gathered at the foot of the mountain to honor the remains of the real person.” The chief imperial physician, who hangs a pot in the back to help the world, has noble medical ethics and is deeply respected by people. After his death, he was posthumously named Dao Zhenren and Baosheng Emperor by the imperial court.

Emperor Baosheng is a folk belief of the Han people with a long history in Fujian Province. During his lifetime, he was a good doctor for the world, and there were countless people who received his favor. His medical skills were excellent, his medical ethics were noble, and he was well-known far and wide. Villagers built temples to worship the god of medicine. Author of the book “Wu Kui Materia Medica”. At present, there are thousands of temples of Baosheng Emperor dedicated to Wu Kui in mainland China and Taiwan. Baosheng Emperor is a Taoist deity shared by the Han people in southern Fujian, Chaoshan, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.

Huang Daozhou in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Zhangzhou household registration, ancestral home in Chengxiang District, Putian City, Fujian Province, known as “Minhai Talent”, and wrote more than 100 kinds of works in his life. Thousands”. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhuang Hengyang, a mathematician and water conservancy expert from Nanjing, wrote “Zhuang’s Mathematical Science”, which integrated Chinese and Western mathematical knowledge and became a practical manual for water conservancy engineering construction at that time.

During the Jiaqing period, nine painters including Shen Jinzhou and Xie Yingsu formed the Zhao’an School of Painting with different styles. In modern times, essayist Xu Dishan, poet Yang Sao, novelist and essayist Lin Yutang, astronomer Dai Wensai, surgical expert Zhao Yicheng, marine biologist Fang Zongxi, medical doctor Lin Kesheng, president of the Chinese Medical Association, and the first modern colleges and universities to create shorthand for Chinese characters in Pinyin The first principal, Cai Xiyong, etc.

Pan Zhencheng (1714-1788, completed by “Cheng”), courtesy name Xunxian, number Wenyan, also known as Qi, was a native of Longxi, Fujian (now Pancuo, Baijiao Village, Jiaomei Town, Taiwanese Investment Zone, Zhangzhou, Fujian), a foreigner. Because it is called Pan Qiguan (Hokkien pronunciation: Puankhequa).

Pan Zhencheng was poor in his early years and studied businessmen. Young people entered Guangdong from Fujian to engage in overseas trade. He went to Luzon three times to sell silk tea. Later, in Guangdong, he served as the business secretary of the thirteen lines of Chen surnamed, and was deeply trusted and entrusted with full power.

The merchant surnamed Chen made a profit, and Pan Zhencheng set up Tongwenxing to act as the merchant. Due to honest management, broad vision, good management, and the courage to be the first, he has accumulated a wealth of wealth that is enough to rival the country.

Lin Yutang, a famous modern Chinese writer, scholar, translator, linguist, and a representative of New Taoism. Born in 1895 in a Christian pastor family in Banzai Town, Pinghe County, Zhangzhou, Fujian. He studied in the United States and Germany in his early years, and obtained a Master of Arts from Harvard University and a Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Leipzig. After returning to China, he taught at Tsinghua University, Peking University and Xiamen University.

He used to be the Director of Art and Literature of UNESCO, and the Vice President of PEN International. Lin Yutang was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1940 and 1950.

He has founded publications such as The Analects of Confucius, The World of Humanity, and Cosmic Wind, and his works include the novels “The Clouds of the Jinghua” and “Laughing and Laughing”. His collections of essays and essays “The Feast of Life”, “The Art of Living” and translations of “Selected Poems of Dongpo” and “Six Records of Floating Life”, etc. Settled in Taiwan in 1966. Died in Hong Kong in 1976 at the age of 80.

Zhangzhou interesting places

Zhangzhou has a world cultural heritage, a national 5A-level scenic spot, Nanjing Tulou; a national 4A-level tourist scenic spot, known as the “Forest of Steles in Southern Fujian”, and Yundongyan, which Zhu Xi inscribed as “No. Dongshan Fengdong Stone with the reputation of strange stone; Sanping Scenic Area, a national 4A-level tourist area and a provincial-level scenic spot.

National Geopark Zhangzhou Binhai Volcano National Geopark; national key cultural relic protection unit, the first batch of national cultural relics related to Taiwan Baijiao Tzu Chi Palace; national key cultural relic protection unit, known as “the treasure of the country” by experts and scholars in the field of history and architecture, Zhaojiabao, which is loaded into the Dictionary of Chinese Tourist Attractions; Yunshuiyao Ancient Town, where 53 complete earth buildings are preserved.

National Nature Reserve Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Reserve and other tourist attractions; Jiulongjiang Beixi, where the Ming Dynasty tourist Xu Xiake drifted for the second time; Dongshan Island, known as the “Oriental Hawaii”; Huangdaozhou praised it as “similar to Huangshan, when No less than or better than “Lingtong Rock.”

In addition, there are Changtai Tianzhu Mountain National Forest Park, Dongshan Wujiaowan National Seashore Forest Park, Nanjing Letu Subtropical Primitive Rainforest Reserve, etc.