153444

Cervical Cancer is caused by what?

Cervical cancer is a cancer that’s found anywhere in the cervix. The cervix is the opening between the vagina and the womb (uterus). It’s part of the reproductive system and is sometimes called the neck of the womb. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by an infection from certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Most cervical cancers are caused by the HPV virus (HPV), which is usually sexually transmitted. Cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination can reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is caused by what?

Cervical Cancer Occurs in the cervical cells, which are located in the lower part of the uterus and connected to the vagina. Most cervical cancers are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is usually sexually transmitted.

When the body is first exposed to HPV, the immune system tries to protect the body from viral infection. However, HPV can cause abnormal cells in the cervix to become cancerous. Therefore, cervical cancer screening and cervical cancer vaccination to prevent HPV can reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

In the early stages, cervical cancer usually does not show any abnormal symptoms, but later, when it becomes more severe, the body begins to show abnormal symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding. or abnormal white discharge and may be accompanied by pain

When to see a doctor

Patients should make an appointment to see a doctor when experiencing unusual or unwanted symptoms as follows:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, including sporadic bleeding bleeding after sex Irregular menstruation, longer or more irregular menstrual periods or bleeding after menopause
• Abnormal vaginal discharge, i.e. increased volume of vaginal discharge White, foul-smelling or bloody discharge
• Abdominal pain for no apparent reason or have pain after sex

However, even if there are no symptoms, if the screening test shows that the cervical cancer test results are abnormal. You should see your doctor for further diagnosis and treatment plan.

Cervical Cancer Causes

HPV plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer. When normal cells in the cervix are mutated, it can result in cervical cancer or pre-cancerous lesions. However, in most people who have been exposed to the HPV virus, cells may not develop cancer when they first get infected. Environmental factors or an individual’s lifestyle may also affect the onset of the disease.

Risk factors for cervical cancer

These factors may increase your risk of cervical cancer, including:

• having multiple sexual partners or changing partners frequently
• having sex from a young age
• being diagnosed with Other sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV/AIDS
• People with poor immune systems are more likely to develop cervical cancer, especially if: low immune system
• smoking

cervical cancer prevention

Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer. Let’s start with recommending Reduce risk factors for cervical cancer, including avoiding multiple sexual partners and refrain from smoking, etc. HPV vaccine (HPV vaccine) , which can prevent cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. In addition, prevention of high-risk HPV infection. It can also prevent cervical, vulvar, anal and oral cancers. The HPV vaccine is generally recommended at ages 11 or 12 to age 26 and works best in people who have never been infected or have never had sex. However, even after vaccination Doctors also recommend regular gynecological examinations and screenings for cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer screening includes both a Pap smear and HPV DNA testing for a Pap smear. The doctor will smear cells from the cervix to collect them for examination for abnormalities. or currently using Liquid-base cytology (LBC) , where cells from the cervix are collected and placed in liquid to check for abnormal cells. which gives more clear results A Pap smear, or LBC, can detect both cancer cells. and cells that are likely to develop cervical cancer, however, at present, HPV DNA strains that are at high risk for cervical cancer are also tested. to increase the accuracy of screening more

Patients should consult their doctor for uterine screening guidelines. It is generally recommended to begin uterine screening in women 21 years of age or older.

Diagnosis

In the first diagnosis of cervical cancer The doctor will begin an examination of the cervix and if the doctor detects suspected cervical lesions. The doctor will perform a punch biopsy at the suspected cervical area. By using a sharp tool to cut the biopsy for further examination in the laboratory.

However, if no lesions are detected But abnormal cervical cancer cells are detected by Pap smear or HPV DNA test. Colposcopic examination This type of examination uses a colposcope to detect abnormalities in cells. Your doctor will take a tissue sample from cells from your cervix for further testing in a laboratory. Sometimes it may be checked by scraping inside the cervix An endocervical curettage is done through the use of a small instrument (curette) scraping the cervical tissue for further diagnosis.

In case the biopsy reveals a pre-cancerous lesion A cone biopsy (conization) is usually performed by a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) using an electrical wire loop device. ) with the use of low voltage current. and cone cervical surgery to diagnose and treat pre-cancerous lesions

for testing to determine the stage of cervical cancer In addition to the internal examination and primary rectal examination Imaging tests , such as X-rays, CT scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or PET scans, can help determine the degree of cancer’s spread to other organs. other In addition, in some Your doctor may also examine the inside of your bladder and rectum.

Cervical Cancer Treatment

Cervical cancer can be prevented by vaccination with cervical cancer or HPV vaccine between the ages of 11-12 years and can be started at the age of 9. Various treatments for cervical cancer Whether it is surgery (surgery), the use of radiotherapy (radiation), the use of chemotherapy drugs. (chemotherapy) or combination therapy

Surgery

In early cervical cancer The doctor will treat it with surgery. as the main treatment Generally, the doctor will recommend the patient to perform Radical hysterectomy , where the cervix, uterus, and upper part of the vagina are removed. including lateral tissue and cut off the pelvic lymph nodes But if cervical cancer is very small and early stage. Patients may only undergo a simple hysterectomy (cervical and hysterectomy). However, if the patient wishes to have children in the future There are also surgical options where the uterus can be retained (cervical resection or trachelectomy), which is recommended to consult with your doctor about the pros and cons of further treatment.

Radiotherapy (Radiation)

After the biopsy results were known and there was a risk of recurrence Your doctor may recommend radiotherapy. for additional treatment after surgery

For patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, doctors often recommend radiotherapy along with chemotherapy. as the main treatment

There are two main types of radiation therapy. The first type is external beam radiation therapy . This is radiation therapy that comes from a radiation generator. The doctor will direct radiation to the abnormal spot. Another method of treatment is close range radiation (Brachytherapy) , where the doctor will give the mineral through the inside of the vagina for a short time.

Radiotherapy may encourage patients to go into early menopause. Patients should see a doctor to discuss and determine egg preservation methods prior to initiating treatment, especially in young patients. or patients who want to have children in the future

Chemotherapy

Treatment with chemotherapy drugs to destroy cancer cells The doctor will treat it with a small amount of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. For patients with locally advanced cervical cancer Chemotherapy can help increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy. However, for patients who are in the metastatic stage, chemotherapy is the main treatment.

There is also a remedy. Targeted -Drug Therapy: Doctors often use this form of therapy alongside chemotherapy.

Immunotherapy Treatment 

It is used for the treatment of metastatic cervical cancer. or in cases where the patient does not respond to other types of treatment This type of treatment will help boost immune system function. However, there are some limitations in this method of treatment.