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Who founded the Kingdom of Burgundy

In the early 5th century, the Burgundians established a Germanic country in the southeastern part of Gaul in the Western Roman Empire. The Burgundians originally lived on the island of Bonnholm on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea and later moved to the lower reaches of the Vistula River. At the beginning of the 5th century, it entered the Rhine, and the center of activity was in the area of ​​Worms.

The Burgundians belonged to a tribe of East Germanic peoples who probably migrated from Scandinavia to the Danish island of Burnholm, known in Old Danish as Burgundyholm, which is The island of Burgundy, and then migrated to continental Europe, where ancient poetry about the Vikings said they came from “Burgundy”, hence the name Burgundians.

The history of the early Roman Empire, including the writings of Tacitus, does not mention the origin of the Burgundians. According to the history of the Goths in the 6th century, in the 4th century, the Burgundians were defeated by the Goths and emigrated. Go to the west bank of the Rhine and establish a kingdom to confront the Western Roman Empire. But in the 5th century AD, the king of the second Burgundian kingdom, Gondobard (Gondobad), had good relations with the bishop of Venice, and his son Sigismund converted to Catholicism, probably many Burgundians at that time. Believed in Christianity.

The Burgundians may have been greatly influenced by the Huns, the women of the Huns tied their heads as infants to make their heads long and beautiful, and ornaments and heads of the Huns have also been found in the archaeology of the tombs of the Burgundians Lengthened woman skeleton. Although the Burgundians belonged to the Roman Empire, in 370 AD, the Western Roman Empire listed the Burgundians as a tribe that could be financed to deal with the Germanic barbarians, the Alamanis, but the Burgundians were not under unified command. , frequently raided the Gaul province of the Roman Empire.

First Kingdom

In 443 he lived in Savoy as an “confederate” of the Western Roman Empire. Around 457, it occupied the Rhône and Saône rivers and established the Kingdom of Burgundy with Lyon as its capital. After the death of King Gondioc of Burgundy, the sons fought for the throne. Gondubad (reigned 474-516) killed his brother Hilperic and took the throne. In 500, his other brother Godi Giselle instigated the Frankish king Clovis to attack Gondubad.

At the battle of the Ush River, Gundubad was defeated and was forced to pay tribute to Clovina. Soon Gondubad regained his strength, stopped paying tribute to the Frankish kingdom, and killed Gordi Giselle, becoming the only king of Burgundy.

Gondubad had a policy of tolerance towards the Gallo-Roman inhabitants. He promulgated the Code of Gondubad in Latin, which was common to Burgundians and Romans, and the Code of Burgundy-Roman, which was used exclusively by the Romans. The Burgundians were originally Christian Arians, but they were friendly to the Roman Church. During the reign of Sigismund, son of Gondubad (516-524), the Burgundians converted to the Roman Church. In 523 the Franks marched into Burgundy, Sigismund was defeated and captured and killed in 524. In 534 Burgundy fell to the Frankish kingdom.

Second Kingdom

The second kingdom of Burgundy, also called the Kingdom of Arles after the fall of the Provence dynasty (879-933) (existed from 933 to 1378). It includes part of the former Middle Frankish kingdom. It was formed by the union of Upper Burgundy (the center of domination in what is now western Switzerland, but also part of what is now France and Italy) and Lower Burgundy (mainly in what is now southeastern France).

The Second Kingdom of Burgundy joined the Holy Roman Empire, then ruled by Conrad II, in 1032, called the Kingdom of Arles. It was one of three kingdoms within the Empire – the other two being the Kingdom of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy. The Kingdom of Burgundy was gradually divided and fell in 1378, and the remaining territories were annexed by France.

Third Kingdom

Burgundy and the Third Kingdom of Burgundy

The House of Burgundy ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032 to 1361, and from 1330 to 1361 the Duchy of Burgundy, which the wife of Erd IV had inherited from her mother. The family does not rule the Kingdom of Burgundy.

From 1360 to 1477, both the Duchy and Earl of Burgundy were governed by a branch of the House of Valois. The family ruled much of the Low Countries until the mid-15th century and was one of the most powerful families in Western Europe at the time. The territories of the Valois-Burgundian family in the Low Countries were never part of Burgundy, but were ruled by union, called the “Burgundian Lands”.

But these lands, nominally ruled by the Valois-Burgundy family, were either fiefs of French kings or emperors. Duke Charles the Bold wanted to unite all his lands into the Kingdom of Burgundy, with himself as a fully independent monarch, and even persuaded Emperor Frederick to crown him in Trier. But the ceremony never took place because the emperor was scared away by the duke’s attitude that night (September 1473).