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Chronology of French Historical Events

The earliest human remains found in France were about 2 million years ago. In 1000 BC, the Celts settled in France. In the 1st century BC, Julius Caesar, the Roman governor of Gaul, occupied all of Gaul and was under Roman rule for 500 years.

In the 5th century AD, the Franks conquered Gaul and established the Frankish kingdom. After the 10th century, the feudal society developed rapidly. In 1337, the British king coveted the French throne, and the “Hundred Years’ War” broke out. In the early days, large areas of France were occupied by the British, and the French king was captured. Later, the French people fought against aggression and ended the Hundred Years War in 1453.

14th-17th centuries : European Renaissance movement.

16th-17th centuries : Reformation.

17th-18th centuries : European Enlightenment.

The end of the 18th century : French scientist Lavoisier proposed the law of conservation of mass, which put the development of chemistry on the right track.

On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris stormed the Bastille, and the French Revolution broke out; the Declaration of Human Rights was issued.

The constitution was promulgated in 1791, and France became a constitutional monarchy.

In 1792, the Franco-Prussian coalition invaded France to interfere in the French Revolution, and France won the victory of Valmy; the First French Republic was established.

In 1793, the Gironde faction stepped down, and the Jacobin faction came to power, executed Louis XVI, and implemented a policy of terror.

Thermidor coup of 1794; the National Convention takes power.

In the Brumaire Coup of 1799, Napoleon became the first in power. Later became a lifelong ruler.

In December 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor , the first French empire. The “Civil Code” was promulgated (before he became emperor, Napoleon began to preside over the formulation).

Napoleon failed to invade Russia in 1812.

France was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813.

Napoleon abdicated in 1814, during which he attempted suicide. Exiled to Elba Island.

Between March 1814 and 1815, the Bourbon dynasty was restored, and Louis XVIII came to the throne.

From March 1815 to June 1815, the Hundred Days regime took XX to change the monarchy into a constitutional monarchy.

On June 18, 1815, the French army was defeated at Waterloo; Napoleon abdicated again and was exiled to St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.

After June 1815, Louis XVIII of the Bourbon dynasty was restored again. A superficial constitutional monarchy.

The July Dynasty was established after the July Revolution in 1830. Louis Philippe ascended the throne.

1831 Workers’ uprising in Lyon, France.

1834 Workers’ uprising in Lyon, France.

In 1844, the Sino-American Treaty of Wangxia and the Sino-French Whampoa Treaty were signed.

In 1848, the year of the European Revolution, the French February Revolution overthrew the July Dynasty and established the Second Republic.

June uprising of 1848.

In December 1848, Louis Bonaparte came to power as the new president.

In 1852, Louis restored the monarchy, the Second Empire . During his reign, he launched a war of Anglo-French aggression against China with Britain.

In 1856, the horse priest incident and the Yarrow incident occurred successively.

The Second Opium War of 1856-1860.

In 1857, the capitalist world economic crisis broke out.

In 1857, the Anglo-French Allied Forces captured Guangzhou and established the Allied Forces Committee to carry out four-year colonial rule over Guangzhou.

In 1858, the Qing Dynasty signed the “Tianjin Treaty” with Britain, France, the United States and Russia.

In 1860, the Anglo-French coalition set fire to the Yuanmingyuan.

In 1860, the Qing government signed the Beijing Treaty with Britain and France respectively.

In the 1860s, the French scientist Pasteur laid the foundations of microbiology.

1870 Franco-Prussian War; Louis was captured, the people of Paris overthrew the Empire and established the Third Republic.

In 1871, the French government ceded the territory to Prussia with reparations.

The Paris Commune was established in 1871, which subsequently failed.

The Constitution of the French Third Republic was adopted in 1875.

The Sino-French War of 1883-1885.

In 1885, the victory of Zhennanguan and the signing of the Sino-French New Treaty.

In 1900, the Boxer Movement reached its climax, and the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China.

Autumn of 1901 “Xin Chou Treaty”.

1914-1918 World War I.

The capitalist world economic crisis of 1929-1933.

1939-1945 World War II.

The French Arc de Triomphe, a symbol of victory in 1944, finally ushered in a real triumph. Under the leadership of de Gaulle, the French nation who fought for freedom made due contributions to the victory over fascism and paved the way for the revival of post-war France.

In June 1944, an interim government was announced, with Charles de Gaulle as the head.

In 1946, the constitution was adopted and the Fourth Republic was established.

Treaty of Paris of the European Coal and Steel Consortium of 18 April 1951.

On March 25, 1957, the six European countries signed the Treaty of Rome.

In September 1958, a new constitution was adopted, the Fifth Republic was established, and in December of the same year, Charles de Gaulle was elected president.

In 1959, France announced its acceptance of national self-determination in colonial Algeria, thus beginning to bid farewell to colonialism.

In 1963, France and the Federal Republic of Germany signed the “French-German Friendship Treaty”, which has since reconciled with the old enemy Germany.

On January 27, 1964, France established diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China, becoming the first major Western power to recognize the People’s Republic of China.

In 1966, France announced its withdrawal from NATO and ordered the United States to withdraw its troops and bases on French soil within a year.

The European Community was established in 1967.

On August 1, 1975, the member states of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe signed the Helsinki Document.

On December 17, 1985, 12 countries signed a single European document.

The European Union was established in 1993.