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Episode 13: Present Tenses

Present tense

The present tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time. The present tense is used for actions which are happening now. Wikipedia

Rules:

The indicative mood means that the sentence is a statement of fact. To conjugate, a verb in the present indicative, remove the infinitive ending of the regular verb, in this case -ar, -er or -ir, and replace it with an ending that gives an indication as to “the person” that is performing the action of the verb.

There are four main types or forms of the present tense in the English language namely,

1. Present Simple Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense (Present Progressive Tense)
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Present Perfect Progressive)Present Simple Tense

1.1 Present Simple Tense

Structure

1. Meaning of present simple tense

Present Simple Tense is a tense used when talking about something that is true, possibly true at the moment. such as the specific ability of a person such as sentence 1 or a person’s daily routine like the 2nd sentence or something that is always true like a natural phenomenon.

In sentence 3

1. John plays football well.
2. My parents read the newspaper every day.
3. The sun rises in the east.

2. Principles of using present simple tense

1. used for an event or action that is taking place in the present or occurs while speaking, for example

Ann watches television.

Ron takes a bath in the bathroom.

2. Applies to events or actions that are naturally true, whether past, present, or future like

Tiger is a dangerous animal.

The earth moves around the sun.

3. Used for events or actions that occur repeatedly until it becomes a daily routine. or monthly, for example

My parents read the newspaper everyday.

Ann gets up at six o’clock every morning.

3. Goodbye Word (Adverb of Frequency)

Adverbs of Frequency are adverbs that tell how often events occur. How often does it happen?

• always – always
• often – often
• usually – normal
• frequently – often
• sometimes – sometimes
• rarely – rarely
• ever – ever
• never – never
• everyday – every day
• every week – every week

Using Adverbs of Frequency in Sentences

• Used in front of a verb in a sentence such as

– They often play football in the afternoon.

– He never goes abroad.

– I sometimes watch TV in the evening.

– We rarely play computer games.

– You usually do homework.

– I always visit my parents.

• Place it at the end of a sentence, for example:

– I see you every day.

– He visits his friend every week.

– They go shopping every month.

4. Adding s or es after the verb

Why do verbs have to add ” s ” or ” es “ The thing to remember about using the Present Simple Tense is that the subject and verb must be used in a sentence.

For sentences that are Tense in the Present Tense group, including Present Simple Tense, Present Continuous Tense, Present Perfect Tense, the verb used as a verb, Channel 1, but will always change the form to correspond with the subject in the sentence. The principle of use is as follows.

1. Students will notice that in sentences 1 – 3, the subject is singular, when the subject is singular, the verb is singular. The singular form of the verb is to add “s” or “es” to the end of the first verb.

2. Students will notice that in sentences 4 – 6 the subject is plural. When the subject is plural, the verb is plural. The plural form of the verb is the first verb that does not change in any way.

Rules for adding s or es after verbs

1. General verbs can add S immediately, for example:

work – works

live – lives

speak – speaks

eat – eats

2. For verbs ending in s , ss , sh , ch , x and o, add “es”, for example:

go – goes

pass-pass

watch – watches

catch – catches catch

box – boxes punching, punching

3. For verbs that end in y and before y are consonants, change y to i and add “es”, for example:

cry – cry

study – studies

fly – flies fly

dry – dry

4. If the verb ends in y and the y is a vowel, i.e. a , e , i , o, u, simply add “s”, for example:

play – plays

buy – buys

delay – delays

joy – joys delight

say – says