Chapter 9 The Party’s Organizational System and Organization

[Guide to this chapter]

Through study, it is clear that democratic centralism is the party’s fundamental organizational system and leadership system. The party’s highest leading organ is the party’s National Congress and the Central Committee that it produces. Every activist who aspires to join the party organization must, on the basis of in-depth study and understanding, strictly demand himself in accordance with the party’s organizational system and its principles, and strive to join the party organization as soon as possible.

[Key points of this chapter]

The Communist Party of China is a unified whole organized in accordance with its own program and constitution in accordance with democratic centralism. Democratic centralism is a combination of centralism based on democracy and democracy under centralized guidance. It is not only the fundamental organizational principle of the party, but also the application of the mass line in the life of the party. To uphold and improve democratic centralism, first and foremost is to improve the party’s congress system.

The party’s organizational structure is divided into levels, mainly including the party’s central, local, and grass-roots organizations. The party’s history shows that when the party’s organizational system with democratic centralism as its core is adhered to well, the party’s cause will flourish; when the party’s organizational system with democratic centralism as its core is not adhered to, the party’s life When chaos occurs, the interests of the country and the people suffer.

Our party’s organizational system is the general term for the party’s organizational principles, organizational structure, organizational discipline, and various rules and regulations that are fixed in the form of party regulations and laws. It is a guarantee for exerting the fighting power of the party organization and fulfilling the party’s tasks. The party’s organizational system mainly includes the party’s congress system, the election system and tenure system of the party’s leading body, the collective leadership of the party committee and the division of responsibility system for party committee members, the party’s organizational life system, democratic life system, and cadre management system , Party member management system, party dues payment system, party discipline inspection system, party status survey and statistics system, system for requesting instructions from higher authorities, system for reporting work to party members and their representatives, etc.

Democratic centralized production is the party’s basic organizational system and leadership system, and is the core content of the party’s organizational system. The party’s history has shown that when democratic centralism is maintained well, the party’s cause will flourish; when democratic centralism is not well maintained, there will be chaos in the party’s life, and the country and people’s interests will suffer.

Democratic centralism is the party’s fundamental organizational system
The connotation of democratic centralism

The party constitution states: “The party is a unified whole organized in accordance with its own program and constitution in accordance with democratic centralism.” “Democratic centralism is a combination of concentration on the basis of democracy and democracy under centralized guidance. It is both the party’s fundamental organizational principle. It is also the application of the mass line in the life of the party. It is necessary to fully promote inner-party democracy, protect the democratic rights of party members, and give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of party organizations at all levels and the majority of party members. Correct concentration must be implemented to ensure the unity and action of the whole party Unanimity ensures that the party’s decisions are quickly and effectively implemented.” This statement clarifies the meaning of democratic centralism, that is, democratic centralism is a system that combines centralism on the basis of democracy and democracy under centralized guidance.

Democratic centralism is the fundamental organizational principle of proletarian political parties, and an inevitable requirement of the proletarian world outlook and advanced nature. It regulates the basic principles of inner-party political life and the handling of inner-party relations in accordance with the requirements of the nature and historical mission of the proletarian party. It is the most fundamental system in the party’s organizational system, the basic prerequisite for the realization of a series of other specific organizational systems, and the guarantee for the formulation and operation of the party’s various lines, principles and policies. The establishment and normal operation of democratic centralism are the fundamental guarantee for the normal operation of the party’s organizational system.

First, the implementation of democratic centralism is an inevitable requirement for maintaining the party’s nature and fulfilling the party’s mission. The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, and at the same time the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the representative of the development requirements of China’s advanced productive forces, and the representative of the direction of China’s advanced culture. Representative of the fundamental interests of the most people in China. Under the new situation, the Chinese Communist Party must lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to build a well-off society in an all-round way and realize the three historical tasks of continuing to advance modernization, accomplishing the reunification of the motherland, maintaining world peace, and promoting common development. The formulation, implementation, and execution must reflect the will of the people, and the formation of this will must be based on inner-party democracy, and then through the development of inner-party democracy to promote people’s democracy. Without democratic centralism, the party can neither maintain the nature of the vanguard of the working class, the Chinese people, and the Chinese nation, nor can it fulfill its historical mission.

Second, the implementation of democratic centralism is an inevitable requirement for the party to maintain a high degree of ideological and political unity. During the different historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform, the Communist Party of China has always been a whole with a unified political and ideological basis, and it has always been an organization with strong combat effectiveness. The party’s strong combat effectiveness first comes from the ideological and political unity of the whole party on the basis of Marxism, and the high degree of ideological and political unity can only be transformed into a huge material force through organization, thus forming a unified will and authority. . As Lenin said, “Organization can increase power tenfold.” Needless to say, there are inevitably various contradictions within the party. These contradictions are caused by the experience and experience of each party member. The status is different, or because of the different degree of understanding of the actual situation, it may also be because of the different ways of thinking and the level of consciousness of party members. Resolving these contradictions requires not only the correct theory, program, and line of the party, but also the establishment of basic guidelines for handling various relationships within the party through effective organizational principles. Therefore, only under the guidance of the principle of democratic centralism can we resolve various intra-party contradictions correctly, properly, and effectively, and enable the unity and unity of the party to be continuously consolidated and developed.

Third, the implementation of democratic centralism is the need to ensure that the party implements correct leadership over revolution, construction, and reform. The Communist Party of China is the strong leadership core of China’s revolution, construction and reform. The full display of this core role is more reflected in the party’s process of making correct decisions. The process by which the party makes correct decisions in the process of implementing correct leadership over social life is a process of taking the mass line. Democratic centralism is the application of the party’s mass line and Marxist epistemology in the life of the party, and the application of the principle of centralizing from the masses and then persisting in the masses in the party’s organizational construction. Only when democratic centralism is implemented can the party give full play to the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the whole party through democratic discussions, democratic elections, and democratic voting. Only then can the wisdom and opinions of the broad masses of party members be concentrated to make practical decisions and ensure the party’s success. The leadership is correct and effective.

In short, democratic centralism is the most basic system guarantee for the party’s construction and development, the fundamental basis of the party’s political life and organizational system, and the embodiment of the party’s mass line in the party’s organizational principles. The government guarantees that the party will exercise correct leadership. Therefore, democratic centralism is the fundamental organizational system and leadership system of our party.

The basic principles of democratic centralism

When Marx and Engels founded the proletarian party, they expounded the party’s organizational principles and initially laid the ideological foundation for democratic centralism. The basic meaning of democratic centralism clearly defined by Lenin in his works is both democracy and centralism. In 1927, the Chinese Communist Party stipulated “democratic centralism” as the “Guiding Principle of the Party Headquarters” for the first time in the five major party constitutions. Mao Zedong made a brilliant exposition of democratic centralism: “Democracy is for centralism, and freedom is for discipline. These are two contradictory aspects of a unity. They are both contradictory and unified. We We should not one-sidedly emphasize one aspect and negate the other.

There can be freedom, and there can be no discipline; there can be no democracy, and there can be no concentration. This unity of democracy and centralism, freedom and discipline is our democratic centralism. “

The party’s democratic centralism principle stipulated in Article 10 of the Party Constitution is:

(1) Individual party members obey the party’s organization, the minority obeys the majority, lower-level organizations obey higher-level organizations, and all party organizations and all party members obey the Party’s National Congress and Central Committee. These “four obediences” are the most basic principle of the party’s democratic centralism and a general summary of the order of political life within the party. It generally stipulates the proper order of intra-party relations and life within the party, and is essential for building a unified The proletarian party of China is of decisive significance. The following principles are the concrete embodiment and development of this basic principle.

(2) The leading organs of the party at all levels, except for the representative organs sent by them and the party groups in non-party organizations, are all formed by election. This regulation shows that the implementation of the party’s election system is an important symbol of intra-party democracy and fully embodies the basic requirements for the construction of intra-party democracy. Only after elections can the elected leadership of the party fully represent the will of the majority of party members and have true authority.

(3) The party’s highest leading organ is the party’s National Congress and the Central Committee that it produces. The local leading organs of the party at all levels are the local party congresses at all levels and the committees they produce. Party committees at all levels are responsible for and report to the congress at the same level. This provision clarifies the lofty status and role of the party congress in the life of the party, and at the same time clarifies the status and role of the party committee in the life of the party.

(4) The higher-level party organizations should always listen to the opinions of the lower-level organizations and the party members and the masses, and solve the problems they raise in a timely manner. The party’s lower-level organizations must not only ask for instructions and report to the higher-level organizations, but also be independently responsible for solving problems within their own responsibilities. The subordinate organizations must exchange information, support each other, and supervise each other. Party organizations at all levels must implement party affairs in accordance with regulations to enable party members to have more understanding and participation in party affairs. This provision reflects the principle of the relationship between the party’s subordinate and subordinate organizations, and embodies that in order to further normalize the party’s subordinate relationship, it is necessary to uphold the party’s top-down unified leadership and give full play to the enthusiasm of the subordinate organizations. The organic combination of initiative.

(5) Party committees at all levels implement a system that combines collective leadership with individual division of labor. All major issues must be collectively discussed and decided by the party committee in accordance with the principles of collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual deliberation, and meeting decisions; committee members must earnestly perform their duties in accordance with the collective discussion decisions and division of labor. Adhering to this principle can effectively prevent the occurrence of individual arbitrariness such as “one word”, “only one hand covering the sky” and “no one is responsible for some things”, and make the party’s decisions on major issues independent of the leaders. It will not change due to changes in the views and attention of leaders, so as to ensure the correctness and effectiveness of the party’s leadership.

(6) The party prohibits any form of personal worship. It is necessary to ensure that the activities of party leaders are under the supervision of the party and the people, while maintaining the prestige of all leaders who represent the interests of the party and the people. Historical experience has proved that the correct handling of the relationship between leaders and the party and the people is related to whether the principle of democratic centralism can be truly implemented, and it is related to the future and destiny of the party and the country.

The six basic principles of the party’s democratic centralism are an organic whole that is interrelated and indivisible. It not only embodies the broadness of intra-party democracy, but also embodies the high degree of centralization within the party, and is an organic combination of intra-party democracy and party centralization. Unite. In the long-term practice of the party, it is precisely under the guidance of this relatively complete basic system of democratic centralism that the party’s various system construction and the cause of revolution, construction, and reform have been continuously pushed forward.

Uphold and improve democratic centralism, and actively develop inner-party democracy

To uphold and improve democratic centralism, it is necessary to actively develop inner-party democracy and enhance the party’s creative vitality in accordance with the requirements of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Democracy within the party is the life of the party. We must adhere to democratic centralism, improve the democratic system within the party, and use intra-party democracy to drive people’s democracy.

Ensure the dominant status of party members, improve the system of guaranteeing party members’ democratic rights, carry out criticism and self-criticism, create a democratic and equal comrade relationship within the party, a political atmosphere for democratic discussion, and an institutional environment for democratic supervision, and implement party members’ right to know, participate, vote, and supervise right. Improve the party’s congress system, increase the proportion of workers and peasants, implement and improve the tenure system of party congress representatives, try out the annual system of party congresses in towns and townships, deepen the pilot system of permanent party congresses in counties (cities, districts), and implement party congresses. Proposal system for congress representatives.

Improve the party’s election system, standardize differential nomination and differential elections, and form procedures and environments that fully reflect the will of the electors. Strengthen the decision-making and supervisory role of the National Committee, improve the rules of procedures and decision-making procedures of the Standing Committee, and improve the voting system for local party committees to discuss and decide on major issues and appoint important cadres. Expand grassroots democracy within the party, improve systems for party members to regularly review the leadership of grassroots party organizations, and implement methods for party members to observe grassroots party committee meetings and party congress representatives to attend relevant party committee meetings at the same level as non-voting delegates to enhance the principle and transparency of party life.

Party organization

The party’s organizational structure is the concretization of the party’s organizational structure at all levels and the division of powers. Divided by level, the party’s organizational structure mainly includes the party’s central, local, and grass-roots organizations.

Obeying and serving the party’s political tasks, the party’s organizational structure has adopted corresponding organizational forms in accordance with the needs of revolution, construction, reform and opening up, and the development and changes of the struggle situation, thereby ensuring the realization of the party’s political tasks.

Party Central Organization

The party’s central organization, in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution, mainly refers to the party’s national congress and the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection; the Central Political Bureau and the Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau elected by the plenary session of the Central Committee, and The office of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee-the Central Secretariat.

“One of the basic requirements of the party’s democratic centralism is the regular convening and full use of the party’s congresses at all levels.” The relevant systems of democratic centralism, such as the electoral system, the tenure system, the recall system, the party committee system, etc., are all Subject to and serve the congress system. Therefore, to uphold and improve democratic centralism, the first thing is to improve the party’s congress system.

The National Congress of the Party is the highest leading organ of the Party. Under normal circumstances, the Party’s National Congress is held every five years and is convened by the Central Committee. If the Central Committee deems it necessary, or if more than one-third of the provincial-level organizations request it, the National Congress may be held in advance; if there are no extraordinary circumstances, it shall not be postponed. The number of delegates to the National Congress and the election method are determined by the Central Committee. The powers of the Party’s National Congress are: to listen to and review the reports of the Central Committee; to listen to and review the reports of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection; to discuss and decide on major party issues; to amend the party’s constitution; to elect the Central Committee; to elect the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

The Party’s National Congress is a meeting convened by the Party’s Central Committee between the two National Congresses in accordance with the needs of the work. Its tasks are mainly to discuss and decide on major issues; adjust and co-opt some members of the Central Committee and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection; adjust and co-opt the number of Central Committee members and alternate members of the Central Committee, which shall not exceed the number of Central Committee members elected by the Party’s National Congress One-fifth of the total number of members and alternate members of the Central Committee. The number of delegates to the National Congress of the Party and the method for their selection shall be determined by the Central Committee.

The Party’s Central Committee is the highest leading organ of the Party during the period when the National Congress is not in session. Party Central

The committee is elected by the party’s national congress. When the national congress is not in session, the central committee implements the resolutions of the national congress, leads all the work of the party, and represents the Communist Party of China externally. Under normal circumstances, the term of the Party Central Committee is five years. The functions and powers of the leading institutions and leaders elected by the Central Committee will be exercised until the next new leading institutions and leaders are elected. The members and alternate members of the Central Committee must have a party standing of more than five years. The number of members and alternate members of the Central Committee shall be determined by the National Congress. The plenary meeting of the Central Committee is convened by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and is held at least once a year. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee reports to the plenary meeting of the Central Committee and accepts supervision. The Central Committee elected the Politburo, the Politburo Standing Committee, and the General Secretary of the Central Committee. When the plenary session of the Central Committee is not in session, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and its Standing Committee exercise the functions and powers of the Central Committee.

Local party organization

Local Party organizations, in accordance with the provisions of the Party Constitution, refer to the Party’s provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, districted cities and autonomous prefectures, as well as counties (banners), autonomous counties, non-districted cities and municipal districts, and the congresses they produce Committees also include the Disciplinary Inspection Committee elected by the Party Congress.

The party congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities divided into districts, and autonomous prefectures are held every five years. The party congresses of counties (banners), autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts, and municipal districts are held every five years. Local party congresses at all levels are convened by party committees at the same level. Under special circumstances, it can be held in advance or postponed with the approval of the higher-level committee.

The powers of the party’s local congresses at all levels are: (1) to listen to and review the reports of the committees at the same level; (2) to listen to and review the reports of the discipline inspection committees at the same level; (3) to discuss and make decisions on major issues within the region. Resolutions; (4) Election of the committee of the party at the same level and the disciplinary inspection committee of the party at the same level.

The party constitution clearly stipulates that the party committees of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities divided into districts, and autonomous prefectures shall serve a term of five years. The members and alternate members of these committees must have a party standing of more than five years. The party committees of counties (banners), autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts, and municipal districts shall serve a term of five years. The members and alternate members of these committees must have party standing of more than three years.

If local party congresses at all levels are held ahead of schedule or postponed, the term of the committee elected by it will be changed accordingly.

When the congress is not in session, the local party committees at all levels implement the instructions of the higher-level party organization and the resolutions of the party congress at the same level, lead the work of the local area, and report to the higher-level party committee on a regular basis.

The standing committees of local party committees at all levels exercise committee functions and powers when the plenary meeting of the committee is not in session; during the next congress, they will continue to preside over regular work until a new standing committee is formed.

The standing committees of local party committees at all levels report to the plenary meetings of the committees on a regular basis and accept supervision.

Party’s grassroots organization

The party’s grassroots organizations, according to the provisions of the party constitution, refer to enterprises, rural areas, government agencies, schools, scientific research institutes, neighborhood communities, social organizations, People’s Liberation Army companies, and other grassroots units of the party’s grassroots committees, general branch committees, and branch committees. Including the Disciplinary Inspection Committee approved by the grassroots committee.

The party’s grass-roots committees serve three to five years, and the general branch committees and branch committees serve two or three years. After the election of the secretaries and deputy secretaries of the basic-level committees, general branch committees, branch committees, and branch committees, they shall be reported to the higher-level party organization for approval.

The party constitution clearly stipulates that the basic tasks of the party’s grassroots organizations are: (1) Propaganda and implement the party’s line, principles, and policies, publicize and implement the party’s central committee, higher-level organizations and the organization’s resolutions, and give full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of party members. Create the first and strive for excellence, unite and organize cadres and the masses inside and outside the party, and strive to complete the tasks undertaken by the unit. (2) Organize party members to earnestly study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thinking of the “Three Represents” and the scientific development concept, study the party’s line, guidelines, policies and resolutions, learn the basic knowledge of the party, and learn science and culture , Legal and business knowledge. (3) To educate, manage, supervise and serve party members, improve the quality of party members, enhance party spirit, strict party organizational life, carry out criticism and self-criticism, maintain and enforce party discipline, supervise party members to fulfill their obligations, and protect party members’ rights Inviolable. Strengthen and improve the management of mobile party members. (4) Keep close contact with the masses, always understand their criticisms and opinions on party members and the work of the party, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the masses, and do a good job in their ideological and political work. (5) Give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of party members and the masses, discover, train and recommend outstanding talents among them, encourage and support them to contribute their wisdom and talents in the reform and opening up and socialist modernization. (6) Educate and train activists who are required to join the party, do a good job of recruiting party members regularly, and attach importance to recruiting party members in the front lines of production and work and among young people. (7) Supervise party members and cadres and any other staff to strictly abide by the laws and political disciplines of the country, strictly abide by the country’s financial and economic regulations and personnel systems, and must not infringe on the interests of the country, the collective, and the masses. (8) Educate party members and the masses to consciously resist bad tendencies and resolutely fight against various illegal and criminal acts.

The party’s organizational structure is the basic organizational guarantee for the party’s democratic centralism principle to be conscientiously implemented and implemented in actual work. Only when the party’s organizations at all levels fulfill their responsibilities and fully perform their functions within the scope of the party’s constitution, can they continue to strengthen the construction of democratic centralism, fully realize the institutionalization and standardization of party members’ democratic rights, and be in the party. Form a lively political situation with both concentration and democracy, discipline and freedom, unified will and personal comfort.

[Test questions in this chapter]

One, fill in the blanks

__ is the fundamental organizational system and leadership system of the Communist Party of China.
Democratic centralism is a combination of ________.
The highest leading organ of the party is and .
When dealing with major issues, the party committees at all levels must follow the principles of , _, and _ meetings to make collective discussions and make decisions.

Two, choose to fill in the blanks

The party is a unified whole organized in accordance with __ according to its own program and constitution.

A. People’s Congress System

B. democratic centralism

C. Centralism based on democracy

The “four obediences” of the party’s democratic centralism refer to: individuals obey the organization, the minority obey the majority, __, and the whole party obeys the central government.

A. Party members obey cadres

B. Committee obeys the congress

C. Subordinates obey superiors